In summary, A gauge transformation is a mathematical operation used in physics to change the description of a physical system without altering its physical properties. It is often used in electromagnetism to simplify calculations and express physical quantities in a more convenient form. In Coulomb gauge, the electric potential is chosen to be zero, while in Lorentz gauge, the divergence of the vector potential is set to be zero. This results in different mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field, but they are physically equivalent. A gauge transformation does not change the physical properties of the electromagnetic field, but it can change its mathematical description. This means that the values of physical quantities, such as electric and magnetic fields, will remain the same, but their mathematical expressions may be different. The
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Find a gauge transformation which maps the Coulomb gauge to the Lorentz gauge?