How Do Bones Differ Among Fishes, Reptiles, and Mammals?

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on the anatomical differences in bone structures among fishes, reptiles, and mammals, specifically examining mandibles, maxillae, quadrate bones, and forelimb adaptations. Key questions include the comparative analysis of these bones across species, the distinctions between herbivorous and carnivorous mammals, and the implications of orbital positions on vision. The conversation highlights the need for resources to understand these differences, particularly in relation to locomotion and the evolutionary adaptations of various species.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of vertebrate anatomy
  • Basic knowledge of evolutionary biology
  • Familiarity with comparative anatomy terminology
  • Experience with dissection techniques
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the anatomical differences in mandibles, maxillae, and quadrate bones among vertebrates
  • Study the adaptations of forelimbs in amphibians versus fishes
  • Explore the significance of orbital positions in herbivores and carnivores
  • Investigate the relationship between bone structure and locomotion in different species
USEFUL FOR

Students in biology or anatomy courses, educators teaching comparative anatomy, and anyone interested in evolutionary biology and vertebrate adaptations.

yahman
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this is a lab question. though it's a lab question but we didn't learn anything in the lab (we only dissected a rat and that wasn't pertained to lab questions), and the teacher didn't provide us with the resources, I have spent numerous hours browsing google and had no luck (only gathered bits of information that didn't help me much). I am not asking anyone to do my homework for me, if anyone could suggest a website where I could find the information then that would be a great help or by all means give me hints or solution to the following questions:

Forelimbs

1-How do the mandibles, maxillae, and quadrate bones differ among fishes, reptiles and mammals?
2-among mammals, how do these bones differ among herbivores and carnivores?
3-what would you expect to observe in a human skull (with regard to mandibles, maxillae, and quadrate bones)?
4-what differences do you notice when comparing the orbital positions (eyes) of the herbivores versus carnivores? What significance might these differences have?
5-compare frontal and parietal bones in fish and amphibians versus mammals. How might these differences relate to the nervous system development?
6-both frogs and fish forelimbs are designed for swimming. However, the frog's limb must also bear weight on land. Describe differences in the bone structures of frog and fish forelimbs. How are these differences in bone structure adaptive for each for each animal's life style?
7-How do phalanges differ among fish, frogs, birds, and tetra pod mammals (such as the rabbit or cat)? How do Radii and ulna differ? Describe how the phalanges, radius, and ulna are adapted to the function of each forelimb.
8-how does the orientation of the joint between the humerus, the radius and ulna relate to locomotion?
 
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Don't you have a textbook for the course? Or some suggested reading?
 

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