How many particles could be crammed into the universe?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on estimating the number of particles that could fit into the universe, specifically referencing the observable universe volume of approximately 4.077 × 10^32 cubic light-years and the whole finite universe volume ranging from 1.17 × 10^33 to 2.34 × 10^33 cubic light-years. The conversation highlights the smallest known particle, with a focus on quarks and carbon atoms as potential candidates for estimation. The challenge of quantifying such vast numbers illustrates the power of mathematics in conceptualizing the universe's scale.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of basic astrophysics concepts, including the volume of the universe.
  • Familiarity with particle physics, specifically the characteristics of quarks and atoms.
  • Knowledge of mathematical estimation techniques for large numbers.
  • Awareness of the observable universe and its dimensions.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the properties and sizes of fundamental particles, including quarks and electrons.
  • Explore calculations related to the volume of the observable universe and its implications.
  • Investigate the number of atoms in common materials, such as carbon, to understand scale.
  • Learn about mathematical models used in cosmology for estimating particle counts in large volumes.
USEFUL FOR

Astronomers, physicists, mathematicians, and anyone interested in the scale of the universe and particle physics will benefit from this discussion.

Atomised
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I came across the following claim:

Observable Universe Volume
~ 4.077 × 10^32 cubic light-years
Whole Finite Universe, Poincaré dodecahedral best guess
~ 1.17 × 10^33 to 2.34 × 10^33 cubic light-years

Assuming this to be correct (or improve on it), what is the smallest known particle and how many could be fitted into the universe?

This is one of the most ludicrous hypothetical questions imaginable but I think I heard a discussion of something among these lines somewhere.

The real fascination for me is how such dangerous to contemplate numbers can be jotted down on a text message. Surely this is a reflection on the phenomenal power of mathematics. Anyway, back to that number...

If it all gets too odd with quarks perhaps it could be estimated for carbon atoms.
 
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