How to distinguish between pairs of componds?

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on distinguishing between pairs of compounds, specifically sodium stearate and dodecylbenzenesulfonate, trimyristin and myristic acid, beeswax and paraffin wax, and trimyristin and triolein. Key methods include saponification using KOH, where sodium stearate reacts to form calcium stearate, while dodecylbenzenesulfonate does not. Trimyristin undergoes saponification to yield glycerol and myristic acid, whereas myristic acid shows no observable change. Additionally, beeswax and paraffin wax do not react with KOH, and trimyristin and triolein yield different products upon saponification.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of saponification reactions
  • Familiarity with organic compounds such as fatty acids and esters
  • Knowledge of ion-exchange chromatography techniques
  • Basic principles of melting point determination and odor analysis
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the saponification process in detail, focusing on the reactions of triglycerides
  • Learn about ion-exchange chromatography and its applications in compound separation
  • Investigate the physical properties of beeswax and paraffin wax, including melting points and odor profiles
  • Explore advanced techniques for distinguishing organic compounds, such as spectroscopy or chromatography
USEFUL FOR

Chemistry students, organic chemists, and professionals in the field of analytical chemistry who are interested in compound identification and characterization techniques.

xiaofupo
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1. How to Distinguish between pairs of componds below?

i. sodium stearate and dedecylbenesulphonate
ii. trimyristin and myristic acid
iii. beewax and paraffin wax
iv.trimyristin and trioleon

2. The attempt at a solution
i. treat with Na, sodium stearate react with Na form calcium stearate, but dedecylbenesulphonate will not form calcium stearate

ii.saponification, treated with KOH, trimyristin form 1 glyrerol and 3 myristic acid( but don't know how to distinguish it from the observation of the chemical test during experiment); myristic acid will not undergo saponification do not have any observation change

iii. saponification, treated with KOH, beewax will not have any reaction ; paraffin wax do not undergo saponification

iv.saponification, treated with KOH, trimyristin form 1 glyrerol and 3 myristic acid, triolein form 3 oleic acid
 
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From xiaofupo:
1. How to Distinguish between pairs of componds below?

i. sodium stearate and dedecylbenesulphonate
ii. trimyristin and myristic acid
iii. beewax and paraffin wax
iv.trimyristin and trioleon

Is this for school or for business?

i. Could you make a practical investigation of use of ion-exchange chromatography? Which salts are soluble and which are not?

iii. What does each of those waxes alone smell like? One of them comes from petroleum and may or may not have one kind of odor; the other comes from bees and it certainly has a certain odor (smell a sample of bees wax and you will know what it is). I wonder if melting point could be useful here, too. Maybe hardness measurement (mechanical, not the "hardness" of calcium & magnesium in water - that is a completely different meaning for hardness).
 

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