Is This Week's Math Problem of the Week Still Unsolved?

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    2016
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SUMMARY

This week's Problem of the Week (POTW) involves the concept of $S$-spaces over a topological space $B$, defined as a pair $(E,p)$ where $E$ is a topological space and $p$ is a local homeomorphism from $E$ into $B$. The discussion centers on proving that a morphism of $S$-spaces $(E_1,p_1)$ and $(E_2,p_2)$, represented by a continuous mapping $\phi : E_1 \to E_2$, is a local homeomorphism if and only if it is an open mapping. No solutions have been provided for this problem as of yet.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of topological spaces and local homeomorphisms
  • Familiarity with morphisms in category theory
  • Knowledge of continuous mappings in topology
  • Basic concepts of open mappings in mathematical analysis
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  • Study the properties of local homeomorphisms in topology
  • Research morphisms in the context of category theory
  • Explore the definition and examples of open mappings
  • Review related problems in the Problem of the Week series for further practice
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Mathematicians, topology students, and anyone interested in advanced mathematical concepts related to topological spaces and morphisms.

Euge
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Here is this week's POTW:

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Call an $S$-space over a topological space $B$ a pair $(E,p)$ where $E$ is a topological space and $p$ is a local homeomorphism from $E$ into $B$. A morphism of $S$-spaces $(E_1,p_1)$, $(E_2,p_2)$ over $B$ is a continuous mapping $\phi : E_1 \to E_2$ such that $p_1 = p_2 \circ \phi$. Show that if $\phi$ is a morphism of $S$-spaces, then $\phi$ is a local homeomorphism if and only if $\phi$ is an open mapping.-----

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No one solved this week's problem. You can read my solution below.
Let $\phi : (E_1,p_1) \to (E_2,p_2)$ be a morphism of $S$-spaces over $B$.

Suppose $\phi$ is a local homeomorphism. Fix an open set $U$ in $E_1$ and take $y\in \phi(U)$. There is an $x\in U$ such that $\phi(x) = y$; since $\phi$ is a local homeomorphism, there exists an open neighborhood $G$ of $x$ such that $\phi|G : G \to \phi(G)$ is a homeomorphism. Then $\phi(G\cap U)$ is an open neighborhood of $y$ contained in $\phi(U)$. Thus $\phi(U)$ is open, and consequently $\phi$ is an open mapping.

Conversely, assume $\phi$ is an open mapping. Let $x\in E_1$. Since $p_1$ is a local homeomorphism, there exists an open neighborhood $U$ of $x$ such that $p_1 | U : U \to p_1(U)$ is a homeomorphism. Since $p_2$ is a local homeomorphism, there is an open neighborhood $V$ of $\phi(x)$ such that $p_2 | V \to p_2(V)$ is a homeomorphism. The set $G = U \cap p_2^{-1}(V)$ is an open neighborhood of $x$ for which the composition $G \xrightarrow{\phi|G} \phi(G) \xrightarrow{p_2|G} p_1(G)$ is $p_1|G$. Since $p_1|G$ and $p_2|G$ are homeomorphisms, so is $\phi|G$. Hence, $\phi$ is a local homeomorphism.
 

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