A Need help with Rodrigues formula example in Riley, Hobson, Bence - Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering 3rd edition

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Can someone please show/explain to me the steps between the 2 circled formulas on the attached page #582 from Riley, Hobson, Bence - Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering 3rd edition.

Thank you!
 

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We can write the recurrence relation as K_l = \frac{2l}{2l+1} K_{l-1}.
We get the formula on the left-hand side when we substitute K_{l-1} with K_{l-1} = \frac{2l-1}{2(l-1)+1} K_{l-1-1}.
We can repeat this process until we get to l = 1 and K_0 (because of the assumption just below the grey box).
The part most on the right of the circle below is a compact way to write this product.
 
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Thank you!
Could you please explain where does the 2nd ## 2^l l! ## term in ## 2^l l! \frac{2^l l!}{(2l+1)!} 2 ## in the lower circle come from? It has two ## 2^l l! ## terms in the numerator.
 
Thank you!
Can someone else please try to explain this to me?
 
I have the equation ##F^x=m\frac {d}{dt}(\gamma v^x)##, where ##\gamma## is the Lorentz factor, and ##x## is a superscript, not an exponent. In my textbook the solution is given as ##\frac {F^x}{m}t=\frac {v^x}{\sqrt {1-v^{x^2}/c^2}}##. What bothers me is, when I separate the variables I get ##\frac {F^x}{m}dt=d(\gamma v^x)##. Can I simply consider ##d(\gamma v^x)## the variable of integration without any further considerations? Can I simply make the substitution ##\gamma v^x = u## and then...

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