Graduate Volterra equation of the second kind

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on solving the linear Volterra equation of the second kind, specifically the equation defined as $$ y(x)+\int_{0}^{x} K(x-s) y(s)\,{\rm d}s = 1 $$ with the kernel $$ K(x-s) = 1 - 4 \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \dfrac{1}{\lambda_n^2} e^{-\beta \lambda_n^2 (x-s)} $$, where $\lambda_n$ are the positive roots of the Bessel function $J_0(x)$. Numerical attempts using the trapezoidal method reveal that for $\beta > 0.43$, the solution decreases monotonically, while for $\beta < 0.43$, the solution exhibits oscillations. This behavior is linked to the parameter $\beta$ and the constant $C$, which is influenced by the derivatives of $y$ at zero.

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  • Understanding of Volterra equations, particularly the second kind.
  • Familiarity with Bessel functions, specifically $J_0(x)$.
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Mathematicians, physicists, and engineers working with integral equations, numerical analysis, or those interested in the behavior of solutions to Volterra equations.

reterty
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There is the following linear Volterra equation of the second kind

$$ y(x)+\int_{0}^{x} K(x-s) y(s)\,{\rm d}s = 1 $$

with kernel

$$ K(x-s) = 1 - 4 \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \dfrac{1}{\lambda_n^2} e^{-\beta \lambda_n^2 (x-s)} $$

where $y(0)=1$, $\beta>0$ and $\lambda_n$ is the $n$-th positive root of the equation $J_0(x)=0$ (here $n$ is a natural number that numbers these positive roots in the order of increasing their values), $J_0(x)$ is the Bessel function of the first kind of zero order. I need a help in the solution (numerical or even analytical) of this equation.

I tried to solve this equation numerically using the trapezoidal method. A surprising result emerged: for $\beta>0.43$, the solution decreases monotonically for all positive values of the argument. If $\beta<0.43$, however, the function decreases but has a finite number of oscillations (maybe a numerical glitch?)
 
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I don't think it is a glitch. I made the obvious and checked the first equation by using the second. And if I made no mistakes, then
$$
0=y'(x)+y(x)-4\sum_{n=1}^\infty \dfrac{1}{\lambda^2_n}e^{-\beta\lambda_n^2 x}+\beta C\sum_{n=1}^\infty xe^{-\beta\lambda_n^2 x}
$$
with some constant ##C,## mainly depending on ##y^{(n)}(0),## which explains the dependence on the value of ##\beta.##
 
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