How is the starting point determined when calculating sum voltage in a series?

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SUMMARY

The sum voltage in a series circuit is calculated by adding the voltages of all components, taking into account their polarity. In the discussed circuit, the calculation of +2V - 6V + 4V + 3V results in a total of 3V. The starting point for the calculation does not affect the final result, as the total voltage remains consistent regardless of the initial reference point chosen. The key takeaway is that the orientation of the batteries and their respective voltages dictate the final sum.

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fran1942
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Hello, we have been told the sum voltage in this circuit is +2V -6V +4V +3V = 3V.

I was just wondering why the 2V was the starting point for this calculation because if you start from any of the other point, the end result is different.

Is there a rule as for where you start your calculation from, when working out sum voltage in a series ?

Thanks kindly for any help.
 

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It doesn't matter where you start from.

There are 3 batteries facing one way and one facing the other way. So, you add up the 3 (to get 9 volts) and take away the other one to get 3 volts.
 

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