Dissolving on a molecular level .

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the molecular mechanisms of dissolving substances, particularly in water, and the factors influencing solubility. Participants explore concepts such as solvation, the nature of interactions between solute and solvent molecules, and the distinction between polar and non-polar substances.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant introduces the concept of solvation, describing it as the process where solvent molecules surround solute molecules, creating a solvent-like micro-environment that facilitates solubility.
  • Another participant explains that the dissolution of substances depends on the interactions between the solute and solvent, using the example of NaCl in water to illustrate how polar interactions occur between water molecules and ions.
  • A clarification is made regarding the terminology used, where one participant points out that non-polar substances, rather than covalent substances, do not dissolve well in water, citing sugar as a covalent molecule that does dissolve in water.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the terminology related to solubility, particularly regarding the classification of substances as covalent or non-polar. There is no consensus on the definitions and implications of these terms in the context of solubility.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions regarding the nature of solute-solvent interactions and the definitions of polar and non-polar substances remain unresolved. The discussion does not clarify the conditions under which different types of molecules dissolve.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to individuals studying chemistry, particularly those focused on molecular interactions, solubility, and the behavior of different types of substances in various solvents.

Cheman
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Dissolving on a molecular level...

How do things dissolve eg in water? Thinking in terms of molecules, ions, etc, why does dissolving occur? Why do covalent molecules not dissolve in water but do in other covalents solvents, etc?

As much help as possible would be appreciated. :-)

Thanks.
 
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Dissolving needs another term to be used, this is solvation. Solvation is briefly surrounding of solvent molecules around solute molucule; so a solvent "film" occurs around the molecule, in other words,a solvent-like micro-environment is formed. This helps the solvated molecule be soluble in the solvent.

In molecular nature, similar solute molecules are surrounded by similar solvent molecules; therefore, nonpolar molecules are best dissolved by nonpolar solvents. Highly hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains escape water, thus forming their own solvent films, by dissolving each other.
 
Two substances A and B dissolve because of the A-B interactions. Let's take an example, an NaCl crystal in water. The H20 molecules will "collide" with an Na or Cl atom. Water is a polar molecule, meaning the O side has a partial negative charge and the H groups have a partial positive charge. Since NaCl is an very polar ionic solid, these two charges will interact with one another. Multiple water molecules will surround a Na+ ion on the oxygen side and "shield" it from the outside. Similiarly, multiple water moleules will also surround a chlorine on the hydrogen side. So in the case of the sodium you wind up with something like this:
 

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Cheman said:
Why do covalent molecules not dissolve in water...
What you mean is non-polar, not covalent. For instance, sugar is covalent, but it dissolves in water.
 

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