The rate of heterogeneous reactions is directly influenced by the surface area of the catalyst, as a larger surface area provides more active sites for the reaction to occur. This relationship is often described by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, which illustrates how increased surface area enhances reaction rates. The equation relating the rate of reaction to surface area typically includes factors such as the concentration of reactants and the specific activity of the catalyst. Additionally, the effectiveness of the catalyst can diminish if the surface becomes saturated with reactants. Understanding this relationship is crucial for optimizing catalytic processes in industrial applications.