Thermodynamics - Equlibirum State

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the concept of thermodynamic equilibrium in a system involving a rigid cylindrical rod divided into two compartments containing water and air. The rod allows heat exchange and is subjected to an external atmosphere with a different temperature. Participants conclude that while the system can achieve thermal equilibrium over time, it is not in equilibrium at any given moment when the external temperature differs from that of the air and water inside the rod. This highlights the importance of considering both internal and external conditions when assessing equilibrium states.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamic equilibrium concepts
  • Familiarity with heat exchange principles
  • Knowledge of temperature and pressure relationships in gases and liquids
  • Basic grasp of rigid body thermodynamics
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  • Study the laws of thermodynamics, focusing on the Zeroth Law
  • Examine heat transfer mechanisms, including conduction and convection
  • Learn about thermal equilibrium and its implications in real-world systems
  • Explore the concept of dynamic equilibrium in thermodynamic systems
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c.teixeira
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Hi there!

A question just popped out, during an exercice. Any help is welcome!

Imagine a rigid cilindrical rod that allows heat exchange!
The rod is divided in two compartiments. Say water and air. The division between them is not fixed and also allows heat exchange. Both the temperature and pressure of the water and air is the same. However, the cilindrical rod is in an atmosphere at a Temperature diferent from the air and Water.

My question:

Considering a system envolving the cylindrical rod, is the system at equilibirum?

Regards,

c.teixeira
 
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Hi c.teixeira! Welcome to PF :smile:

I think it all depends on when you are looking at the equilibrium condition. Given enough time, the rod will gain/lose enough heat from/to the atmosphere and finally be in thermal equilibrium.
 
Infinitum said:
Hi c.teixeira! Welcome to PF :smile:

I think it all depends on when you are looking at the equilibrium condition. Given enough time, the rod will gain/lose enough heat from/to the atmosphere and finally be in thermal equilibrium.

At any given moment when the temperature outside the system composed by the rod, is diferrent from the temperature of the air and Water of the rod!

My guess, is that YES, the system is at equilibrium, althoug the temperature OUTSIDE MY SYSTEM is diferent!
From the definitions of thermodynamic equilibrium, that is the conclusion I take, however, it feels strange!

Any other thoughts about this?

Thanks,
 

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