Rayleigh-scattering and dipole Common characters?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of Rayleigh scattering, particularly in the context of X-rays and its relationship with dipoles. Participants explore the theoretical underpinnings of Rayleigh scattering, its conditions, and its implications in scattering phenomena.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the relationship between Rayleigh scattering and dipoles, seeking clarification on why X-rays change direction without losing energy.
  • Another participant references classical electromagnetism and mentions that Rayleigh scattering involves a change in the wave vector's direction without altering its magnitude, as discussed in Jackson's book.
  • A different participant explains that Lord Rayleigh's work involved scattering by small dipoles, noting that the power emitted by a dipole is proportional to the frequency raised to the fourth power, which contributes to phenomena like the blue sky.
  • One participant expresses uncertainty about the scattering process when X-rays interact with an atom, questioning whether the atom behaves like a dipole and how the scattering direction is determined.
  • Another participant clarifies that Rayleigh scattering occurs when the wavelength is greater than the dipole size and explains that the dipole oscillates in an electric field, leading to scattering in various directions due to the combination of the original wave and the dipole's radiation.
  • This participant also emphasizes that the discussion is based on classical effects and does not incorporate quantum mechanics, as the Rayleigh approximation is valid only under certain conditions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the applicability of Rayleigh scattering to X-rays and the role of dipoles, indicating that multiple competing perspectives remain without a consensus on the relationship between these concepts.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions about the size of dipoles relative to the wavelength of X-rays, and the discussion does not resolve the implications of quantum effects on Rayleigh scattering.

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Hello!

This time I've got a question about the "Rayleigh-scattering" in X-Rays.
The Rayleigh-scattering says, that the x-ray changes it direction only without "loosing" energy.
Why does this happen and what has it to do with dipoles? My university professor told me, that the Rayleigh-scattering has something to do with dipoles.
I can't find anything in books about that. I hope you could help me, that I can understand this problem.
Thanks a lot!
 
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There are several types of diffusion of em.radiation on matter particles,even in the classical theory of electromagnetism.

Rayleigh diffusion,treated thoroughly in Jackson's book,indeed assumes the variation of the wave vector only in direction,and not in modulus.

Daniel.
 
It is because Lord Rayleigh considered scattering on small dipoles. The power emmitted by dipole is proportional to the frequency^4, so the scattered wave becames stronger at highier frequencies (that is why the sky is blue)
 
I am not sure if I understand this... If we've got an atom like H and we firing x-ray at it, does it then oscillate (like a dipole) and scatters the x-ray into another direction? And in WHAT direction?
Am I totally wrong with that? ;)
 
First of all, the Rayleigh scattering takes places when wavelength is greater then the dipole size. So not any X-ray scattering on atoms can be considered in that approximation.

Second, if a wavelength of the X-ray radiation is bigger then the dipole size, we can assume that the dipole is under an oscillating electric field, thus it oscillates itself. The combination of original wave and the wave due to dipole radiation produces the scattering, because the dipole does not radiate flat wave. So instead of original flat wave we have waves propagating in different directions.

Third, I did not say anything about quantum. That was done deliberately, because it the the nature of the Rayleigh approximation, it is a classical effect. The mechanism will be no longer valid if quantum effects are important.
 

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