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What do you mean that you "know f(0) = 0 because..."? You know f(0) = 0 because they tell you so, you didn't (can't) deduce that fact, since translation is an isometry for which that equation doesn't hold. Also, why in the world would you have:
||f(v) - f(u)|| = ||f(0) - f(0)||?
That appears to come out of nowhere. Moreover, it appears to have nothing to do with f(0) = 0, although you claim to use it as your reason for justifying it. Here's what you know:
||f(u) - f(v)|| = ||u - v|| because f is an isometry
f(0) = 0 because they tell you so
"|| f(v) - f(u) || = || f(0) - f(0) ||" is false in general
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