Recent content by Averagesupernova

I already told you I was not going to chase every link you provide. - What you are describing I already described in post #30.

It is my opinion that the electrodes driven into the earth need to be good enough to reliably trip a GFCI. In other words, the resistance in that part of the circuit needs to be low enough so that they do not add enough resistance to become a significant part of the total resistance between the...

In the case that I gave the conduit was a protective sleeve that terminated into the switch box. I won't comment about if it was safe at the time of original installation. The conduit did not run all the way to the breaker panel. - As far as what is good primary protection and good...

The point was that this sort of thing happens "in the wild". The real world example I gave did not have the conduit or switch box connected to the neutral back at the main panel. It was not required at the time. The metal box and pipe were floating. The USA has used a ground (earthing) rod since...

I don't intend to chase every link you provide since there are endless misconceptions with someone either spouting off how they think it should be or someone else correcting them. - I have run across a situation in a basement where a wire got stuck between the screw that holds the light switch...

You cannot guarantee that the chassis of an appliance will forever remain isolated from the earth. A washing machine is connected to piping and eventually that piping is connected to the earth. Even with plastic pipe in your home, eventually the water that those pipes carry will contact the earth.

Yes. You have the correct idea. In the USA we refer to the RCD as a a GFCI. A receptacle that contains GFCI protection is protected at 5 mA. Any device whether it's a circuit breaker or receptacle that's designed to prevent a shock through GFCI action is supposed to have a threshold of 5 mA...

@gen x . Concerning your last diagram in post #17. Assume the chassis of your appliance is isolated from the actual earth. You've drawn with a fault from the red to the chassis. Remove that. Now have one person touch the red wire and a second person touch the blue wire. Both touch between the...

Both diagrams in post #15 will cause the RCD to trip as they are drawn. But the way they are drawn do not guarantee a floating system. The chassis of the appliance is wired to the neutral. There is no way to guarantee the chassis of every appliance is not in contact with the actual earth. These...

@gen x Have a read. What I described in the above post was covered on the thread below. Not sure why I couldn't find it earlier. https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/following-up-on-the-recent-thread-about-earth-resistance-measurements.1081754/#post-7275546

@gen x the link you proved in post #12 makes sense. The user named transistor is basically correct although I will say that a fault the the actual soil is often not enough to trip a breaker or blow a fuse. It was implied in transistor's post that this would occur. However transistor did imply...

Isolated/floating systems are also used in places where a fault would otherwise trip a breaker and the loss of power would cause a large loss in revenue or other problems. The system is monitored and if a fault exists it is tracked down and dealt with while the power is on. - Hospital operating...

Have you done a search here on PF? It's been discussed. You will get the same answers from the same people in this thread that have previously explained it.

If you are just comparing pumps to see which can achieve the highest vacuum I don't see why you even need a vacuum vessel. A hose with a gauge on the end will suffice. This whole thing stinks of you trying to hide what you are doing. Now the question is what is it that you are really doing that...

I'll ask it again: