Hint: as the cylinder moves over the step there is a point that will have complicated normal and frictional forces. That is the point that you most want to leave out of your analysis so that is the point that you to calculate the moments about.
cavendish's experiment is sometimes referred to as the experiment that weighed the earth
you need to understand the sequence of observations and laws
firstly kepler made an empirical law about the orbits and periods of planets (empirical means that he could say it was true but could not...
I see your confusion, history of science is not adiquately linked to science
firstly the equation you refer to as kepler's is not a discoverys made by him. It is derived his observations and law combined with Newton's laws of motion F=ma and a crude (but valid) analysis of circular motion...
There is a trick with scaling and your choice of variables, but I can't remember it, if you look at the flat example the choice of variables might be obvious
It is not derived, it is measured, it is a universal constant, it can be converted into what ever measurement system you are using but it just comes from the fact that if you set a mass a distance from another mass then there is a tiny measurable force. It is all alround you all the time and it...
However in simple terms it a constant that scales how we find the force the of gravitational attraction between bodies.
It is a very small effect, if G was big then we would notice that lumps of lead would stick together, as we don't normally see this without very sensitive equipement then we...
would it be fairer (more tractable) to state the problem as you wish to cover the surface of sphere so that no point on the surface is more than 7.5 degrees away from a camera angle?
The problem with the question as possed is that choice of more "open" networks allows you to choose...