Explanation of word foliation in quantum gravity?

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Foliation in quantum gravity refers to a method of organizing spacetime into spacelike hypersurfaces that evolve over time, a concept rooted in general relativity. This process allows for the definition of "time-slices," which represent simultaneous events from an observer's perspective. Each point in the spacetime manifold corresponds to a hypersurface, effectively "filling" the manifold with these slices. The analogy of a book illustrates this, where the pages represent hypersurfaces and page numbers indicate their temporal sequence. Foliation is applicable primarily to spacetimes with a global structure of R*M³, where M³ is a spacelike manifold.
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explanation of word "foliation" in quantum gravity?

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A foliation is a prescription for coordinitizing spacetime. It is an aspect of general relativity, and is not specific to quantum gravity. When you 'foliate' a spacetime, you define spacelike hypersurfaces and give a prescription for how these hypersurfaces evolve in time. In short, you 'fill' the spacetime manifold with hypersurfaces such that for every point x in the manifold, there is a hypersurface that contains it. As a simple analogy, allow a book to represent a 3D spacetime. Then, the 2D pages of the book are your hypersurfaces, and the page numbers define how you go from one to the next: the pages and page numbers make up your foliation.
 


Good explanation!
Foliage means leaves.
A folio is a book.
A portfolio is a kind of flat box to keep pages or drawings, any kind of flat stuff, in.

A foliation of spacetime is a way of slicing it up. For example into "time-slices" which are sheets consisting of events that some observer considers to be simultaneous. Different observers will slice it differently.
 


Foliation does only apply to spacetimes with global structure R*M³, where M³ is a spacelike manifold.
 
"Supernovae evidence for foundational change to cosmological models" https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.15143 The paper claims: We compare the standard homogeneous cosmological model, i.e., spatially flat ΛCDM, and the timescape cosmology which invokes backreaction of inhomogeneities. Timescape, while statistically homogeneous and isotropic, departs from average Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker evolution, and replaces dark energy by kinetic gravitational energy and its gradients, in explaining...

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