Ancient calculations and observations

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Discussion Overview

The discussion focuses on the methods used by ancient Greeks to calculate the Earth's circumference, particularly their use of the angle of elevation of the Sun and the tools available to them. It also explores whether the Greeks were the first to propose a spherical Earth rather than a flat one.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Historical

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the methods used by the ancient Greeks to calculate the Earth's circumference, questioning whether they had any means of magnification like lenses.
  • Another participant describes the use of a stick of fixed length to measure the length of shadows at noon in two different locations to estimate the angle of the Sun.
  • A further contribution mentions that the distance between the two locations was known in terms of stadia, with estimates based on the time taken by messengers to travel between them.
  • Links to external resources are provided, which contain additional historical context about Eratosthenes' calculations.
  • One participant expresses admiration for Eratosthenes' work in calculating the Earth's circumference.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the methods used by the ancient Greeks for calculating the Earth's circumference, but there is no consensus on whether they were the first to assume a spherical Earth, as this point remains unaddressed.

Contextual Notes

The discussion does not clarify the specific assumptions regarding the accuracy of the measurements or the definitions of the units used, such as the stadium.

scerab
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Would anyone help me understand how did the ancient Greeks managed to calculate the earth’s circumference using knowledge of the angle of elevation of the Sun. I wonder if they had any means of magnification such as lens. They did make some pretty accurate conclusions for the limited technology they used.
Another question: were the ancient Greeks the first to assume the Earth was round rather then flat?
Thanks in advance
 
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The basis tool that was used to estimate the Earth's circumference was a stick of fixed length. The length of the shadow at noon was measured at two different locations (I don't remember the distance apart, but I believe it was over 100 miles) along a north-south line. From the shadow lengths, the angle of the sun at these locations could be calculated.
 
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The distance between those two locations was considered "known" in terms of stadia, and here things turn a bit murky, but I believe that messengers regularly ran between the two towns and their times formed a crude estimate of distance. Thus the Greeks were able to express the diameter of the Earth in terms of a familiar unit, the stadium.
 

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