Autonomous polynomial differential equation

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the possibility of finding a general solution for a third-degree polynomial differential equation of the form dx/dt = -a1*x + a2*x^2 + a3*x^3. Participants explore methods of integration and the nature of solutions, particularly whether x can be expressed as a function of t.

Discussion Character

  • Homework-related
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that integrating the equation leads to an implicit relationship of the form -t = f(x)*ln(g(x)), where f(x) and g(x) are polynomials, indicating difficulty in expressing x as a function of t.
  • Another participant questions the meaning of "solve," noting that many first-order differential equations cannot be solved explicitly for x(t) and that implicit solutions are common.
  • It is mentioned that the nature of the solutions does not depend on the method used, implying that all methods will yield similar results regarding the inability to express x as a function of t in a simple form.
  • A later reply emphasizes that most ordinary differential equations (ODEs) do not have solutions expressible in terms of elementary functions, but acknowledges that the solution can be represented in the form t = F(x).
  • Participants discuss that interesting differential equations may have solutions that are well-known and named after mathematicians, such as Bessel functions or Legendre polynomials.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that expressing x as a function of t in a simple closed form is unlikely for this type of differential equation. However, there is no consensus on the methods or implications of this difficulty.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions made about the solvability of the differential equation and the definitions of "solving" in this context. The discussion does not resolve the mathematical steps or the nature of the solutions.

janet123
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Homework Statement


Is it possible to find general solution for the following 3rd degree polynomial differential equation:
dx/dt=-a1*x+a2*x^2+a3*x^3

Homework Equations



The Attempt at a Solution


I understand that its is possible to integrate 1/(-a1*x+a2*x^2+a3*x^3), however, end equation that I get integrating directly has the form like - t=f(x)*ln(g(x)), where both f(x) and g(x) are polynomials. And it is clear that from this it won't be possible to express x as a function of t.
Are there any methods how this differential equation can be solved?
Thank you in advance!
 
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What, exactly, do you mean by solve? The fact is that most first order differential equations cannot be solved in the form x(t)= a function of t. The best you can expect is an implicit formula connecting x and t.
 


I understand that its is possible to integrate 1/(-a1*x+a2*x^2+a3*x^3), however, end equation that I get integrating directly has the form like - t=f(x)*ln(g(x)), where both f(x) and g(x) are polynomials. And it is clear that from this it won't be possible to express x as a function of t.
Are there any methods how this differential equation can be solved?
The solutions of the differentiel equation doesn't depend of the method used to solve it. Any method will lead to the same final result as far as the developments are correct.
So, if a method leads to solutions t=f(x)*ln(g(x)) and if it is impossible to express x as a function of t on an expected form (generaly a combination of a finite number of standard functions), the hitch will be the same for the other methods.
 


janet123 said:
And it is clear that from this it won't be possible to express x as a function of t.

That statement is true for almost every "random" differential equation you can write down.

Most ODEs don't even have solutions that can be expressed at all using "elementary" functions like logs, trig, etc. At least the solution of your equation can be written in the form t = F(x).

This situation is no different from the fact that you can't express the integral of most functions in a "simple" closed form.

In fact, if a differential equation is "interesting" enough, its solutions may have been given names so they can be written down easily. Often they are named after whoever first studied them - Bessel and Hankel functions, Legendre polynomials, Fresnel integrals, etc.
 
Moderator's note: duplicate threads merged.
 

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