Calculating Kinetic Energy for Rotating Planets

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Discussion Overview

The discussion focuses on calculating the kinetic energy of rotating planets, exploring the necessary assumptions and methods for determining mass momentum and rotational characteristics. It includes considerations of theoretical models and practical applications.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the calculation of kinetic energy for a rotating planet and the determination of mass momentum.
  • Another participant suggests assuming the planet is a uniform solid sphere, noting this may be an overestimate for real planets.
  • A different participant emphasizes that the simplistic uniform sphere assumption can lead to significant inaccuracies in the moment of inertia, particularly for various types of planets.
  • One participant provides a specific moment of inertia value for Earth and discusses the components of kinetic energy, including translational kinetic energy, while noting the variability of the Earth's translational speed.
  • There is a challenge regarding the relevance of Earth in the discussion, with a participant asserting that the focus should not be limited to Earth.
  • Another participant argues that the uniform density assumption can significantly overstate the moment of inertia for different celestial bodies, including the Sun and gas giants.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the assumptions necessary for calculating kinetic energy, particularly regarding the uniform density model and its applicability to various planets. The discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing perspectives on the topic.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight limitations related to the assumptions made about the uniformity of planetary density and the implications for moment of inertia calculations. There are also unresolved mathematical steps in the kinetic energy calculations presented.

Bjarne
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How can the kinetic energy of a rotaing planet be calculate?
I know the KE equation, - but how can I calculated the mass momentum (average speed) of the mass of a rotating body.
 
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mgb_phys said:
You probably have to make some assumptions that the planet is a uniform solid sphere (a bit of an overestimate for a real planet)
Alternatively, do a google search for the Earth's moment of inertia. The simplistic assumption of a uniform sphere yields a value that is off by more than 20%. In other words, while it is in the right ball park, it is not very good.
 
According to The Earth's Variable Rotation- Kurt Lambeck, the moment of inertia of the Earth around its polar axis is about

I=8.034(10^36) kg m^2

Remember
Kinetic Energy=Rotational Kinetic Energy+Translational Kinetic Energy

The TKE will vary because the translational speed of the Earth varies along its orbit. However, the average velocity is about 29,800 m/s (lenghth of orbit/365 days) so that [tex]KE=RKE+TKE=\frac{1}{2}(I\omega ^{2}+mv^{2})[/tex]
plug the numbers in yourself.
 
D H said:
Alternatively, do a google search for the Earth's moment of inertia..
Nobody said anything about Earth !
 
mgb_phys said:
Nobody said anything about Earth !
Fine. Look up the moment of inertia for any planet. The uniform density assumption overstates the moment of inertia for the Sun by almost an order of magnitude, the gas giants by 60% to 100%, and the terrestrial planets by 10% (Mars) to 20% (Earth).
 

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