Can a Photon's Energy Approach Zero?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the theoretical minimum energy value of a photon, particularly in the context of near-infinite wavelength and the effects of cosmic redshift on photon energy. Participants explore whether photons can approach zero energy as the universe expands, referencing the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the implications of the intergalactic medium (IGM).

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Debate/contested, Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions if there is a theoretical minimum energy value for a photon as its wavelength approaches infinity due to cosmic expansion.
  • Another participant asserts that there is no lower bound on photon energy.
  • A different viewpoint highlights the presence of free electrons and protons in the universe, suggesting that photons with frequencies below the plasma frequency of the IGM may have unique characteristics.
  • A request is made to calculate the energy of a photon with a wavelength of approximately 13.7 billion light years, indicating interest in practical implications of the discussion.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the existence of a minimum energy threshold for photons, indicating that multiple competing perspectives remain unresolved.

Contextual Notes

The discussion does not clarify the assumptions regarding the behavior of photons in various cosmic conditions, nor does it resolve the implications of the plasma frequency on photon interactions.

jonmtkisco
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Is there any theoretical minimum energy value for a photon of near-infinite wavelength?

As the expansion of the universe continues redshifting the photons of free radiation (e.g., the remnants of the CMB), is it theoretically possible that the energy of individual photons could decrease to infinitely close to zero, or is there some sort of minimum cutoff value?

Jon
 
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No, there is no lower bound.
 
Except, of course, that the real universe we live in has lots of free electrons (along with protons), albeit rather far apart (on average).

This means photons will have an interesting existence (shall we say) if their frequency is below the plasma frequency of the IGM ...
 
Thanks.

Jon
 
Calculate the energy of a photon with a wavelength of about 13.7 billion light years.
 

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