Can We Truly Predict the Future Based on Known Conditions?

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SUMMARY

This discussion centers on the predictability of future events based on known conditions, using the example of a weight falling to illustrate basic foresight. Participants argue that while simple actions can be accurately modeled, the complexity of larger systems—especially in political and social contexts—renders predictions increasingly unreliable. The conversation references Isaac Asimov's Foundation Trilogy and Mark Twain's humorous take on the scientific method to emphasize the limitations of prediction in complex scenarios.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of basic physics principles, such as gravity and motion.
  • Familiarity with predictive modeling techniques.
  • Knowledge of complex systems theory.
  • Awareness of the scientific method and its applications in various fields.
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore advanced predictive modeling techniques in complex systems.
  • Study the implications of real-time data on forecasting accuracy.
  • Research the concept of wicked problems in social and political contexts.
  • Read Isaac Asimov's Foundation Trilogy for insights on extreme predictions.
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for scientists, engineers, social scientists, and anyone interested in the challenges of predicting future events in complex systems.

Nernico
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Consider holding a weight in your hand, now consider if I/you release this weight I/you would reasonably assume that it will fall, depending on the weight and properties of the weight I could then make further predicitions of what will happen after it has fallen. Having made this prediction I could, with some accuracy, predict the future effects of the 'falling' event if my previous predicition were true. I would like to open this discusion by suggesting that we can accuratly predict events where we have a good knowledge of the conditions of the event also we can fairly accurately predict the events caused by this event given sufficient knowledge but the more we reley on our predictions the less accurate future ones will be.
 
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This is just attribution of simple foresight. We have a good model based on previous experience as to how a simple action like dropping a ball will play out. Simulating/imagining what will happen and planning is simple.

This doesn't exactly scale however. We might be great at modelling day-to-day movements, actions of people we know etc but the more complex a system you try to model the harder it becomes to predict what will happen. This is particularly compounded by not having relevant real-time data and not having a sufficient model to predict with. With regards to large, complex issues (particularly political and social) the problems become wicked problems because we lack the basic means of even defining what it is we need to observe and how to model it.
 
I think this is fairly obvious, not only in engineering but also in business where great effort is put into developing accurate business models.

Read the Foundation Trilogy by Isaac Asimov to see your idea taken to the extreme.
 
Predicting the future is what the scientific method is all about, isn't it?

I think one should also take note of Mark Twain's version of the scientific method and predicting the future:

...And by the same token any person can see that seven hundred and forty-two years from now the Lower Mississippi will be only a mile and three-quarters long...
 
I've always been able to look at a girl and tell whether.
 
""Read the Foundation Trilogy by Isaac Asimov to see your idea taken to the extreme.""

and his short stories about "Thiotimoline", a substance that dissolves a fraction of a second before it contacts water...
 

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