The challenge is to create the number 64 using two 4's with various mathematical operations. Solutions presented include complex expressions involving logarithms and factorials, such as $-\lg \, \log_{\sqrt{4}} \, \underbrace{\sqrt{\sqrt{...\sqrt{4}}}}_{\text{65 times}}$ and $4^{\left(\log \sqrt{\sqrt{\sqrt{e^{4!}}}}\right)}$. An alternate solution is $4^{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{\sqrt{4!}}}\right)}$, which simplifies the approach without using logarithms. The term "Perelman-like" is used to describe the logarithmic method, referencing a related problem from Yakov Perelman's work. The discussion highlights the creativity and complexity involved in solving mathematical challenges.