Characteristic vibration frequencies of a system

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the characteristic vibration frequencies of a mechanical system consisting of two masses and three springs, as described in Boas's "Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences" and using Goldstein's "Classical Mechanics" approach. The user initially derived incorrect frequencies due to errors in matrix formulation for kinetic and potential energy. After receiving feedback, they corrected their matrices, leading to the correct characteristic frequencies of ω₁ = √(k/m) and ω₂ = √(3k/m). The importance of normal coordinates and the implications of negative frequencies were also clarified.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of classical mechanics, specifically spring-mass systems.
  • Familiarity with matrix representation of kinetic and potential energy.
  • Knowledge of eigenvalue problems in the context of mechanical vibrations.
  • Proficiency in solving differential equations related to oscillatory motion.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of normal modes in coupled oscillators.
  • Learn about eigenvalue problems in linear algebra, particularly in mechanical systems.
  • Explore the implications of negative frequencies in physical systems.
  • Review the concepts of kinetic and potential energy in multi-body systems.
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Students and professionals in physics and engineering, particularly those studying mechanical vibrations, classical mechanics, and systems dynamics.

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Homework Statement


I'm trying to solve an example in Boas's book (Mathematical methods in the physical science page 423) but by using Goldstein's (Classical mechanics) method.
The mechanical system consists of 3 springs (with constants k) and 2 masses (with mass m) this way: |----m----m----|, where | are walls.2. Homework Equations and approach
Find kinetic and potential energy. Then write both of them in terms of matrices. Then the characteristic frequencies are calculated from [itex]|V-\omega ^2 T |=0[/itex].

The Attempt at a Solution


Like Boas found, if [itex]x_1[/itex] and [itex]x_2[/itex] are the displacement of the masses from their equilibrium position, then [itex]T=\frac{m}{2}(\dot x ^2 + \dot y^2 )[/itex]. And [itex]T=k(x^2+y^2-xy)[/itex].
In order to find the matrices T and V, I write [itex]T=\begin{pmatrix} \dot x_1 & \dot x_2 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} A & B \\ C & D \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \dot x_1 \\ \dot x_2 \end{pmatrix}[/itex]. This gives me [itex]A=D=\frac{m}{2}[/itex] and [itex]C=D=0[/itex].
I do a similar algebra for V, namely [itex]V=\begin{pmatrix} x_1 & x_2 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} A & B \\ C & D \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \end{pmatrix}[/itex]. This gives me [itex]A=D=k[/itex] while [itex]C+B=-1[/itex]. Here I am not 100% sure but I think that since I'm using normal coordinates (still not 100% sure I'm really doing it), C must equal B. Assuming this I get [itex]C=B=-1/2[/itex].
I calculated [itex]|V-\omega ^2 T |=0[/itex], this gave me [tex]\left ( k-\frac{m\omega ^2}{2}-\frac{1}{2} \right )\left ( k-\frac{m\omega ^2}{2}+\frac{1}{2} \right )=0[/tex].
So that either [itex]\omega = \pm \sqrt {\frac{2k-1}{m}}[/itex] or [itex]\omega = \pm \sqrt {\frac{2k+1}{m}}[/itex]. Therefore I get 4 possible frequencies for the characteristic frequencies. I know I should only get 2 though, so something is already wrong. Looking at Boas, he/she found [itex]\omega _1 =\sqrt {\frac{k}{m}}[/itex] and [itex]\omega _2 =\sqrt {\frac{3k}{m}}[/itex].
I'm desperate in knowing where is/are my error(s).
 
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You should find that [itex]B=C=k/2[/itex]. Also [itex]\omega<0[/itex] doesn't lead to a new solution (your basis functions are appropriately odd or even).
 
fzero said:
You should find that [itex]B=C=k/2[/itex]. Also [itex]\omega<0[/itex] doesn't lead to a new solution (your basis functions are appropriately odd or even).
Thanks for pointing this out. I realize I forgot a factor "k".
So now I find the solutions provided by the book and thank you for your comment about a negative omega, I didn't know this.
 

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