To determine how much Bob must invest today to reach his goal of $10,000 in five years with a GIC at 6% interest compounded daily, the compound interest formula is applied. The variables include the future value (A) of $10,000, the interest rate (r) of 0.06, the compounding frequency (n) of 365, and the time (t) of 5 years. The missing variable is the present value (P), which can be calculated by rearranging the formula. By solving for P, Bob can find the initial investment required to achieve his goal. This calculation is essential for effective financial planning for his graduation party.