Constructing a Toffoli gate with qubit gates?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on constructing a Toffoli gate using qubit gates as outlined in Nielsen's "Quantum Computation and Quantum Information." The participant seeks clarification on the construction process and verification methods for $C^2(U)$ gates, specifically referencing Figure 4.8 in the book. They express difficulty in systematically transitioning from one circuit representation to another and question the efficiency of multiplying 8x8 matrices for this task. The participant proposes using input combinations of qubits to simplify the verification process.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum gates, specifically Toffoli and qubit gates.
  • Familiarity with Nielsen's "Quantum Computation and Quantum Information."
  • Knowledge of unitary matrices and their properties.
  • Basic skills in matrix multiplication and circuit representation.
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  • Study the construction of Toffoli gates using qubit gates in detail.
  • Explore the implications of $C^2(U)$ gates in quantum computing.
  • Learn about systematic methods for circuit transformation in quantum algorithms.
  • Investigate alternative verification techniques for quantum gate constructions.
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Quantum computing enthusiasts, researchers in quantum algorithms, and students studying quantum information theory will benefit from this discussion.

randomafk
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I'm looking through Nielson's book on quantum computation and information and in part of it he says that any $C^2(U)$ gate can be constructed from two qubit and one qubit gates. I can't figure out how to do this, or how to verify it (fig 4.8 in his book)
I've attached a photo of the diagram:
http://i.minus.com/i1JWvF4bKP1N1.png

Also: Is there an easier way to do this than multipyling 8x8 matricies? Right now I represent the first gate as
I_1 \otimes\begin{pmatrix}<br /> I &amp; 0 \\<br /> 0 &amp; V<br /> \end{pmatrix}_{23}

where I is the identity matrix in for one qubit, and V satisfies V^2 = U. U is the unitary matrix being applied.
 
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I think it's easier to look at input combinations of 00 01 10 and 11 for the first two qubits. You can easily see that only for 11 do you have V^2 acting on the target. 00 does nothing to the target qubit while 01 and 10 have V and V-dagger acting in succession which is an identity operation.

That verifies it, but it doesn't help you construct it. I'm not too sure how one would think of a systematic way to go from the circuit on the left to the one on the right.
 

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