Designing a Curved Exit Ramp: Angle Calculation for Speed & Radius

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To design a curved exit ramp that allows cars to navigate without relying on friction, the road must be banked at a specific angle. The necessary angle (theta) can be calculated using the formula tan(theta) = v^2/(r*g), where v is the speed, r is the radius, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. The discussion explores the relationship between the forces acting on the vehicle, specifically the normal force and gravitational force, to derive this equation. The calculations confirm that the approach to determining the banking angle is correct. Proper banking ensures vehicles can safely navigate the curve at the desired speed.
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An engineer wishes to design a curved exit ramp for a toll road in such a way that a car will not have to rely on friction to round the curve without skidding. He does so by banking the road in such a way that the necessary force causing the centripetal acceleration will be supplied by the component of the normal force toward the center of the circular path. Show that for a given speed v and a radius of r , the curve must be banked at the angle (theta) such that tan(theta)=v^2/r*g
 
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What have you tried? think about what tan(theta) is in terms of sine and cosine and what sine and cosine would represent in this case.
 
this is what i was thinking...

Fn sin(theta) = mv^2/r
(mg/cos(theta))sin(theta) = mg tan(theta) = mv^2/r
tan theta = v^2/(rg)

does that look right?
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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