# Dirac delta function, change of variable confusion

1. Aug 2, 2012

### bob900

The Dirac delta "function" is often given as :

δ(x) = ∞ | x $=$ 0
δ(x) = 0 | x $\neq$ 0

and ∫δ(x)f(x)dx = f(0).

What about δ(cx)? By u=cx substitution into above integral is, ∫δ(cx)f(x)dx = ∫δ(u)f(u/c)du = 1/c f(0).

But intuitively, the graph of δ(cx) is the same as the graph of δ(x)! At x=0, cx=0 so δ(cx)=∞, and everywhere else cx$\neq$0 so δ(cx)=0.

So how can it be that ∫δ(x)f(x)dx = 1/c ∫δ(cx)f(x)dx ?

2. Aug 2, 2012

### HallsofIvy

Staff Emeritus
The difficulty is talking about the "graph" of $\delta(x)$ at all- which is a consequence of talking about $\delta(x)$ as a function. There is, in fact, NO function of x that satisfies the conditions you give. It is a "generalized function" (also called "distribution"). A "generalized" function has to be interpreted as an operator on functions rather than a function itself.

3. Aug 2, 2012

### bob900

Right, but then what justification do we have to do u-substitution to get the value of ∫δ(cx)f(x)dx, if u-substitution only applies to integrals of only functions, and not to integrals of functions multiplied with 'distributions'?

4. Aug 2, 2012

### micromass

Staff Emeritus
Because that is the definition of $\delta(cx)$ it is defined exactly as the distribution such that

$$\int \delta(cx)f(x)=\frac{1}{c}f(0)$$