Does exposure to a radioactive substance make another substance radioactive?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around whether exposure to a radioactive substance can make another substance or person radioactive. It explores concepts related to radiation exposure, contamination, and the portrayal of these scenarios in science fiction media.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that exposure to a source of neutrons can lead to neutron capture, resulting in the formation of unstable radioactive isotopes.
  • Others argue that in most cases, individuals depicted in movies are likely experiencing radioactive contamination, where radioactive material transfers to their skin, clothing, or is ingested.
  • One participant shares personal experience, noting that holding a uranium sample does not make them radioactive, but they are affected by radiation while in proximity to it.
  • Another participant mentions a medical procedure involving Technetium-99m, highlighting that they were more radioactive temporarily due to the substance injected during a scan.
  • Some participants express skepticism about the accuracy of science fiction portrayals, suggesting that the scenarios depicted are unrealistic or poorly executed.
  • There is a mention of news reports using meters to detect radioactive particles, indicating that these particles are what make objects or people radioactive.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus; multiple competing views remain regarding the mechanisms of radioactivity and the implications of exposure to radioactive substances.

Contextual Notes

Some claims depend on specific conditions, such as the type of radiation exposure or the nature of the radioactive material involved. There are unresolved aspects regarding the definitions of contamination versus induced radioactivity.

CosmicVoyager
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Greetings,

I have seen science fiction movies where a Geiger counter is used to tell if someone has radiation poisoning. Does being exposed to radiation from a radioactive substance make a person radioactive?

Thanks
 
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It depends. If a substance is exposed to a source of neutrons then some nuclei may experience neutron capture and hence produce unstable radioactive isotopes.

However, it is more likely that in these science fiction movies that the person has just experienced some radioactive contamination where traces of the radioactive substance have somehow transferred to their skin, clothing or hair, or worse they have somehow injested some radioactive substance. And these traces are picked up by the geiger counter.

This can have a serious effect on their health, and at large doses human cells will suffer considerable radiation damage but won't make their cells radioactive in themselves.
 
Polyamorph said:
However, it is more likely that in these science fiction movies that the person has just experienced some radioactive contamination where traces of the radioactive substance have somehow transferred to their skin, clothing or hair, or worse they have somehow injested some radioactive substance. And these traces are picked up by the geiger counter.

Agreed, from personal experience. The geiger counter doesn't tell you you have radiation poisoning per se. It just tells you if you have radioactive material on/in you. say you breathed in contaminated dust, or that same dust/radioactive mineral specks are on your outer body/clothing.
Holding one of my uranium rock samples isn't going to make/leave me radioactive when I finally place the sample away from me. I am just going to be affected (healthwise) by the particles radiated from the sample whilst I hold it.

Last year (2010) I had the interesting experience of a full body bone scan in hospital. It shows up rheumatoid and osteo arthritis in bone joints. they pumped a large syringe of Technetium99m into me and then did scans. for 2 days I was more radioactive than some of my rock samples. My geiger counter went crazy when brought near me. I even videoed it hahaha, by the 4th day it was almost gone from my system.


cheers
Dave
 
Polyamorph said:
However, it is more likely that in these science fiction movies that the person has just experienced some radioactive contamination where traces of the radioactive substance have somehow transferred to their skin, clothing or hair, or worse they have somehow injested some radioactive substance. And these traces are picked up by the geiger counter.
An even more likely explanation: Its just a movie. A badly done science fiction movie.
 
For those that have seen them use some sort of meter on people or objects in the news, they are simply searching for radioactive particles released from Japan. It is these particles which make things radioactive.
 
D H said:
An even more likely explanation: Its just a movie. A badly done science fiction movie.

I don't think use of a Geiger counter in a movie makes it a bad movie! As long as they are using it correctly.
 

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