Emission from a coated cathode and tunneling

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the thermionic emission of a tungsten cathode at low temperatures (<2000 K) and the role of coatings in enhancing tunneling effects. It is established that for optimal tunneling, the coating must be thin relative to the electron wavelength and possess a work function lower than that of tungsten. The participants also explore the energy barrier shape in relation to the coating's properties, emphasizing the need for the coating to act as an insulator while facilitating tunneling. The conversation highlights the importance of selecting appropriate materials to achieve these conditions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermionic emission principles
  • Knowledge of tunneling phenomena in quantum mechanics
  • Familiarity with work function concepts in materials science
  • Basic grasp of energy diagrams and barrier shapes
NEXT STEPS
  • Research materials with low work functions suitable for cathode coatings
  • Study the principles of negative electron affinity photocathodes
  • Examine quantum tunneling effects in insulators
  • Explore energy barrier modeling in thermionic emission scenarios
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, materials scientists, and engineers involved in cathode design and thermionic emission applications will benefit from this discussion.

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TL;DR
What does the energy diagram of a coated cathode with tunneling look like?
I am wondering about an exercise exam question (it isn't homework): "at low temperatures (<2000 K), thermionic emission of a tungsten cathode depends on tunneling. By coating the tungsten with a suitable substance, the emission by tunneling can be greatly increased. Question: which two properties of the coating maximise the tunneling? Answer: the coating should be thin compared to the wavelength of the electrons, and the work function of the coating should be less than the work function of tungsten."

This exercise doesn't require the student to explain this further. However, I am curious about the shape of the barrier in an energy diagram. Below see my attempt in which the electron is tunneling through a vacuum barrier towards a positive anode. This attempt isn't very satisfactory. The exam answer seems to suggest the coating itself requires tunneling, so the coating seems to be an insulator, whereas in my diagram the coating is a conductor with a reduced work function. What should the energy diagram really look like?
tungsten1.png
 
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Think of what type of coating that may lower the work function at the surface. This means that the tunneling barrier is lowered.

if you need an analogous reference, look at negative electron affinity photocathode.

Zz.
 
I do not know what type of coating may lower the work function at the surface. Another metal?
I suppose you mean my question is unclear and it has no straight answer?
 

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