Extra terms in the Action in Zee chapter 1.3?

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The discussion centers on the origin of the tau and sigma terms in the expression related to the self-interaction energy V of the field ##\varphi##, specifically in equation (2). These terms are identified as arbitrary coupling constants that arise when expressing the self-interaction part of the function V in a series of ##\varphi##. Additionally, a query regarding the transition from 3-momentum to 4-momentum in the Sidney Coleman lectures is raised, specifically concerning the dropping of the operator on the right side of the equation ##e^{i P . x}\alpha(p)e^{-i P . x} = e^{-i p . x}\alpha(p)##.

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looseleaf
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Hi, could someone please explain where the tau and sigma terms come from in this expression:

Screen Shot 2019-09-20 at 10.47.53 PM.png

I see the kinetic energy and quadratic "mattress" potential terms, but the tau and sigma kinda come out of nowhere. Where are they from?
 
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These are just arbitrary coupling constants. They originate from the self interaction energy V of the field ##\varphi## with itself in equation (2). It is a way of expressing the self interaction part of the arbitrary function V in a series of ##\varphi##.
 
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Hans de Vries said:
These are just arbitrary coupling constants. They originate from the self interaction energy V of the field ##\varphi## with itself in equation (2). It is a way of expressing the self interaction part of the arbitrary function V in a series of ##\varphi##.

Thanks that makes sense.

I was wondering if anyone could address another question I had?
This one is from the Sidney Coleman lectures (2.72)

##e^{i P . x}\alpha(p)e^{-i P . x} = e^{-i p . x}\alpha(p)##

i'm confused why we drop the operator on the right side when we go from 3-momentum to 4-momentum?
 

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