Obtain Equation Using Hamilton's Principle

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on applying Hamilton's Principle to derive equations related to kinetic energy, potential energy, and work for a system described by a Lagrangian. The kinetic energy is defined as \( E_{k} = \frac{1}{2}m_{z} \int_{0}^{L} \left[ \left( \frac{\partial w(x,t)}{\partial t}\right)^{2} + \left( \frac{\partial v(x,t)}{\partial t}\right)^{2} \right] dx \), while the potential energy \( E_{p} \) incorporates terms involving bending and stretching of the system. The user seeks clarification on the correct application of the extended Hamilton's Principle, particularly in relation to the variations of kinetic and potential energy.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hamilton's Principle in classical mechanics
  • Familiarity with Lagrangian mechanics and the formulation of Lagrangians
  • Knowledge of kinetic and potential energy expressions in continuous systems
  • Proficiency in calculus, particularly in performing variations and integrals
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of Hamilton's equations from the Lagrangian formulation
  • Explore the concept of variations in functional analysis
  • Learn about the application of Hamilton's Principle in different mechanical systems
  • Investigate the role of work in the context of Lagrangian mechanics
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Students and professionals in physics and engineering, particularly those focusing on classical mechanics, dynamic systems, and mathematical modeling of physical phenomena.

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I want to obtain equation using Hamilton principle but I just couldn't figure it out;
i have The kinetic energy :
\begin{equation}
E_{k}=\dfrac{1}{2}m_{z} \displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \left[ \left( \dfrac{\partial w(x,t)}{\partial t}\right)^{2}+\left( \dfrac{\partial v(x,t)}{\partial t}\right)^{2}\right] dx
\end{equation}
and The potential energy $ E_{p} $

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
E_{p} &= \dfrac{1}{2}EI \displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \left[\dfrac{\partial^{2} w(x,t)}{\partial x^{2}} \right]^{2} dx + \dfrac{1}{2}T \displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \left[\dfrac{\partial w(x,t)}{\partial x} \right]^{2} dx \; + \\
& \dfrac{1}{2}EA \displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \left\lbrace \dfrac{\partial v(x,t)}{\partial x} \; + \; \dfrac{1}{2} \left[\dfrac{\partial w(x,t)}{\partial x} \right]^{2} \right\rbrace^{2} dx
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The work is given by :
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
W &=W_{F}+W_{d}+W_{m} \\
&=\displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \left\lbrace \left[ f(x,t)-c_{1} \dfrac{\partial w(x,t)}{\partial t}\right] w(x,t) \;-\; c_{2}\left[ \dfrac{\partial v(x,t)}{\partial t}\right] v(x,t) \right\rbrace \;dx \\
&+ u_{T}w(x,t)+u_{L}v(x,t)
\end{split}
\end{equation}
and i should use The extended Hamilton’s principle to obtain the equation
\begin{equation}
\displaystyle\int\limits_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\ \delta\left( E_{k}-E_{p}+W\right) dt = 0
\end{equation}
shuch that :
\begin{equation}
\delta \displaystyle\int\limits_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\ L dt = \displaystyle\int\limits_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\ \delta L dt = \displaystyle\int\limits_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\ \left( \dfrac{\partial L}{\partial q}-\dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{q}}\right) \right) \delta q dt
\end{equation}

the variation for the Kinetic energy i think it's :
\begin{equation}
\displaystyle\int\limits_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\ \delta E_{k_{1}} dt = -\displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \displaystyle\int\limits_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\ m_{z}\ddot{w} \; \delta w \; dt \; dx
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\displaystyle\int\limits_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\ \delta E_{k_{2}} dt = -\displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \displaystyle\int\limits_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\ m_{z}\ddot{v} \; \delta v \; dt \; dx
\end{equation}
but the variation for potential energy i couldn't do it , because what i think is
\begin{equation}
\dfrac{\partial E_{p}}{\partial w} = 0
\end{equation}
because
\begin{equation}
\dfrac{\partial w''}{\partial w} = 0
\end{equation}
i know there is something wrong with my reasoning but I don't know what it is.
what should I do?
 
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What system are you applying Hamilton's Principle to?
What you have called the "extended Hamilton's Principle" looks a bit strange to me, but I hesitate to say too much until I know what problem you are working.
 
the system that I'm applying Hamilton's Principle to , is the Lagrangian "L" such that
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
L&=E_{k}-E_{p}+W=\\
&\dfrac{1}{2}m_{z} \displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \left[ \left( \dfrac{\partial w(x,t)}{\partial t}\right)^{2}+\left( \dfrac{\partial v(x,t)}{\partial t}\right)^{2}\right] dx-\\
&\dfrac{1}{2}EI \displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \left[\dfrac{\partial^{2} w(x,t)}{\partial x^{2}} \right]^{2} dx + \dfrac{1}{2}T \displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \left[\dfrac{\partial w(x,t)}{\partial x} \right]^{2} dx \; +
\dfrac{1}{2}EA \displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \left\lbrace \dfrac{\partial v(x,t)}{\partial x} \; + \; \dfrac{1}{2} \left[\dfrac{\partial w(x,t)}{\partial x} \right]^{2} \right\rbrace^{2} dx+\\
&\displaystyle\int\limits_{0}^{L}\ \left\lbrace \left[ f(x,t)-c_{1} \dfrac{\partial w(x,t)}{\partial t}\right] w(x,t) \;-\; c_{2}\left[ \dfrac{\partial v(x,t)}{\partial t}\right] v(x,t) \right\rbrace \;dx \\
&+ u_{T}w(x,t)+u_{L}v(x,t)
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
m_{z},EI,EA,T,c_{1},c_{2} \;\;\; are \;\;\; constants
\end{equation}

but i thought i should use Hamilton's Principle like this :
\begin{equation}
\displaystyle\int\limits_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\ \delta\left( E_{k}-E_{p}+W\right) dt = 0 \Longrightarrow
\displaystyle\int\limits_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\ \left( \delta E_{k}-\delta E_{p}+\delta W\right) dt = 0
\end{equation}
and i am calling it "extended Hamilton's Principle" because the Lagrangian is usualy kinetic energy - potential energy but when now there is work in the equation
 

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