How do researchers in physics approach their work and make discoveries?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion explores the approaches and methodologies researchers in physics employ in their work, particularly focusing on theoretical and experimental physics. Participants share insights into daily activities, collaboration, and the nature of scientific discovery, as well as the personal experiences that shape their research journeys.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant describes their experience in theoretical physics as primarily involving extensive effort in learning and developing tools to address open questions, emphasizing the balance of inspiration and perspiration in making contributions.
  • Another participant notes that theorists often work on reconciling inconsistencies between models, such as the differing treatments of time in general relativity and quantum field theory, highlighting the complexity of theoretical work.
  • A different viewpoint suggests that some theorists focus on predicting new phenomena based on existing models, citing the historical prediction of gravitational waves as an example of this process.
  • One participant humorously invites others to consider experimental physics, suggesting a playful rivalry between theoretical and experimental approaches.
  • Another participant shares their experience of conducting research without access to a lab, indicating that valuable insights can still be gained through literature review and questioning existing work.
  • A participant mentions the diversity of approaches among researchers, from those who focus deeply on specific problems to those with a more eclectic knowledge base who explore various topics.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of perspectives on the nature of research in physics, with no clear consensus on a singular approach or methodology. The discussion reflects multiple competing views on how discoveries are made and the roles of theorists and experimentalists.

Contextual Notes

Some participants highlight the importance of mathematical modeling in theoretical predictions, while others note the limitations of their own resources, such as lack of access to experimental facilities. The discussion also touches on the historical context of certain problems in physics, indicating that advancements in tools and knowledge can influence research outcomes.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to individuals exploring careers in physics, those curious about the research process in theoretical and experimental contexts, and anyone looking to understand the diverse methodologies employed by physicists.

user_12345
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Hi everyone, I've always liked physics, so I decided a few months ago to study physics as a self-taught.
Now I have some questions about researchers.

What does a researcher in theoretical physics do during the workday?
What professional figures does he/she relate to?
How do you make scientific discoveries?
If I study all the subjects that are studied in university could I ever make discoveries?
Thank you, sorry for my english.
 
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Most of my papers in theory have come after realizing that I had tools in my toolbox that could address an open question. It's 99% perspiration and 1% inspiration - meaning I've spent a lot of time slogging through details and learning/developing new tools and digging through large volumes of literature thinking "maybe I'm onto something here." I've hit a lot of dead ends. But once in a while things come together as I was hoping and I manage a small contribution.

"Discoveries" is a strong word if you mean it in the sense of popular science. But in the process of pursuing theory, I have been the first person to see a few interesting things - well interesting to me, and interesting enough to the peer-reviewers to get them published.

I relate most strongly to Faraday - like him, I am more of an experimentalist with a vivid imagination - and once in a while with enough perspiration - my vivid imagination leads somewhere - it is delightful, but it often feels like a blind mouse finding a cookie. I know there's cookies out there, but with so many theorists who are smarter than me - it's a kind of miracle I ever find anything first.
 
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It really depends on the theorist! Some theorists work on consistency between models, and when they see two models of reality predicting two different things, they then try to reconcile it, either by introducing a new model, or trying to show that one model actually emerges from the other.

One example would be the "problem of time": General relativity treats time as dynamical, while QFT treats it as absolute. Someone needs to rectify this issue, and so some theorists work on that. Exciting, eh?

However, it doesn't even need to be consistency between models, some simply work on seeing if a model can predict "new" things we're seeing from experiments, or seeing if the model predicts phenomenon we've never seen before. A famous example would be the predictions of gravitational waves, which were predicted in 1915. We didn't see them until 2015, but someone had to first get the idea out there. However, please be aware that when i say "get the idea out there", it isn't just a statement. You must be able to model your prediction precisely with math, so we can test your prediction against reality.

So, in essence, a theorists job is to make sure models are consistent between each other, consistent against nature (if some experiment gets some data that contradicts the model, theorists must step in!), and to try and predict new phenomenon within a model.
 
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Come over to the experimental side, we have all the cool toys :oldtongue:

(Just messing around! Do what you feel is right)
 
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Since I don't have access to a proper lab, I don't do much experimental work these days. That does not stop me from addressing real questions. I've gotten some interesting papers from reviewing the work of others and asking "why?" Recently, I and a friend published two papers on a problem that was first published in1943, but we have better tools today than were available back then.
 
There a people that focus on a problem and learn whatever they have to learn to tackle that problem (like Andrew Wiles and Fermat last theorem).

There are people, like me, that just happen to have learned some stuff here and there, then spent their working time asking themselves "what the hell I do with this haphazard set of knowledge?"

And, I suppose, there are people in between.
 
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