How Do We Discern Dark Matter from Dark Energy in the Universe?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the differentiation between dark matter and dark energy, their necessity in cosmological models, and the methods by which their contributions to the universe's composition are quantified. It touches on theoretical implications and observational evidence related to these concepts.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants inquire about the methods used to discern dark matter from dark energy and the rationale for needing both components in cosmological models.
  • One participant references Wikipedia to question how the total amount of matter, including baryons and dark matter, is determined from cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements.
  • Another participant describes dark matter as the missing mass observed in galaxies and galaxy clusters, suggesting it is likely composed of weakly interacting massive particles, while noting that neutrinos are not a viable explanation due to their kinetic energy.
  • Dark energy is characterized as a factor explaining the accelerated expansion of the universe, with some speculative explanations involving modifications to gravity or a constant energy field as the universe expands.
  • One participant asserts that the 71.3% dark energy figure is linked to the negative pressure required for the model of accelerating expansion, referencing Einstein's cosmological constant as a historical perspective.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying degrees of understanding and speculation regarding the nature and implications of dark matter and dark energy, with no consensus reached on the specifics of their differentiation or the methods of measurement.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes assumptions about the nature of dark matter and dark energy, as well as the dependence on observational data from the CMB, which may not be fully resolved or universally accepted among participants.

paweld
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How it's possible to discern dark matter from dark energy?
Why do we need both things? How we can tell so accuratelly that the universe
is made up 71.3% of dark energy and 27.4% of a combination of
dark matter and baryonic matter.
Thanks for answer.
 
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I find it in wikipedia:

The total amount of matter in the universe (including baryons and dark matter), as measured by the CMB, accounts for only about 30% of the critical density.

How it's possible to determine amount of matter from these measurements.
 
paweld said:
How it's possible to discern dark matter from dark energy?
Why do we need both things? How we can tell so accuratelly that the universe
is made up 71.3% of dark energy and 27.4% of a combination of
dark matter and baryonic matter.
Thanks for answer.
The behavior of the two is completely different.

Dark matter is a name for the missing matter we see in objects like galaxies and galaxy clusters. Basically, when we look at these objects, we find that most of the matter is in a non-visible component. Currently we've narrowed down the possibilities so that we're reasonably sure that dark matter is composed of some sort of massive particle that interacts only weakly with itself and with normal matter (somewhat like neutrinos, but neutrinos would have had too much kinetic energy when produced to explain our observations).

Dark energy, by contrast, is used to explain a very different sort of observation: the expansion of our universe after a few billion years ago has begun to accelerate. Right now it is much more speculative and open as to the possible explanations, but some of them have been eliminated, at least. Currently the prevailing explanations are some sort of modification of gravity at extremely large distances or an energy field that tends to stay constant or nearly constant in density as the universe expands.
 
paweld said:
How it's possible to discern dark matter from dark energy?
Why do we need both things? How we can tell so accuratelly that the universe
is made up 71.3% of dark energy and 27.4% of a combination of
dark matter and baryonic matter.
Thanks for answer.

The 71.3% is the negative pressure energy that's required for the accelerating expansion model of the universe to be complete.

Although Einstein believed the universe to be static at the time, GR had flexibility to accommodate "Dark Energy" known as The Cosmological Constant.

Or so I believe.
 
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