How do we measure the thermal energy of an object?

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SUMMARY

This discussion clarifies the distinction between temperature and thermal energy, emphasizing that temperature measures average internal kinetic energy, while thermal energy accounts for total energy based on mass and specific heat. It highlights that a lake possesses greater total thermal energy than a roasting marshmallow, despite the marshmallow having a higher temperature. The conversation also introduces the concept of specific heat capacity, noting that both objects can have comparable specific heat capacities but differ significantly in total thermal energy.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of temperature and its relation to kinetic energy
  • Knowledge of specific heat capacity and its calculation
  • Familiarity with thermal energy concepts and measurement techniques
  • Basic principles of thermodynamics
NEXT STEPS
  • Research methods for measuring thermal energy using calorimetry
  • Explore the concept of specific heat capacity in detail
  • Learn about the laws of thermodynamics and their applications
  • Investigate the differences between specific thermal energy and total thermal energy
USEFUL FOR

Students in physics, engineers working with thermal systems, and anyone interested in understanding the principles of thermal energy measurement and its applications in real-world scenarios.

Mr Davis 97
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I know that temperature is used to measure the average internal kinetic energy of an object, but how do we go about measuring thermal energy? It seems as though temperature could only compare the thermal energy of objects with the same mass and volume. But for objects with different mass and volume, this would not be the case. For example, a lake has a higher thermal energy than a roasting marshmallow, while the marshmallow as a higher temperature.
 
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Mr Davis 97 said:
I know that temperature is used to measure the average internal kinetic energy of an object
It is not, but the concepts are related.
You can measure it by adding or removing a well-known amount of energy, and measuring temperature before and after.
Mr Davis 97 said:
For example, a lake has a higher thermal energy than a roasting marshmallow, while the marshmallow as a higher temperature.
There is the concept of specific heat and similar concepts, "[something] per mass of the object" - marshmallow and the lake have comparable specific heat capacities, and maybe similar specific thermal energy as well.
 
mfb said:
It is not, but the concepts are related.
You can measure it by adding or removing a well-known amount of energy, and measuring temperature before and after.
There is the concept of specific heat and similar concepts, "[something] per mass of the object" - marshmallow and the lake have comparable specific heat capacities, and maybe similar specific thermal energy as well.

I'd say the roasting marshmallow has a much higher specific thermal energy, whereas the lake has a much higher total thermal energy. But maybe I am missing something.
 
Not sure about the specific thermal energy, water and ice have a large specific thermal heat capacity.

For the total energy, sure.
 

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