How does atomic structure relate to how well things share energy.

[LogicalAcid]

Like, let's say substance A, in the sun, is very hot. After the sun goes down, it stays hot, but after awhile it becomes cold. Element B, in the sun, is also very hot, but after the sun goes out, it basically becomes cold immediately. Why is this?

 

[fzero]

You might want to take a look at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity specifically the section on theory: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity#Theory_of_heat_capacity