How Has Our Understanding of the Atom Changed Since Thomson's Model?

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SUMMARY

The understanding of atomic structure has evolved significantly since J.J. Thomson's model, which depicted the atom as a "currant bun." Key advancements include the nuclear atom model established through alpha scattering experiments, which demonstrated that large-angle scattering was incompatible with Thomson's model. The discovery of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, supported by Chadwick’s experiment revealing the neutron, further refined atomic theory. Additionally, the existence of quarks was confirmed through deep inelastic scattering, indicating a more complex structure within protons, while the observation of antimatter and neutrinos has expanded our comprehension of subatomic particles.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of nuclear physics concepts, specifically alpha scattering.
  • Familiarity with particle physics, including protons, neutrons, and quarks.
  • Knowledge of experimental evidence such as Chadwick’s experiment and deep inelastic scattering.
  • Basic grasp of antimatter and neutrinos in the context of beta decay.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of alpha scattering on atomic models.
  • Study Chadwick’s experiment and its impact on the discovery of the neutron.
  • Explore deep inelastic scattering and its role in identifying quarks.
  • Investigate the significance of neutrinos and antimatter in modern physics.
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, educators in atomic theory, and researchers interested in the historical development of atomic models will benefit from this discussion.

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Question:
In 1997 we celebrated the centenary of JJ Thomson’s discovery of the electron. Thomson pictured the atom as being like a currant bun, with electron ‘currants’ embedded in a positively charged ‘bun’. Give a short account of three ways in which our model of matter on a subatomic scale has changed since Thomson’s discovery. For each, state clearly how the model changed, and write a few sentences outlining one piece of evidence that played a part in bringing about the change.

My response:
I've outline the point, but cannot expand on it, can I have help on the detail:
  • Nuclear atom - Alpha scattering: large angles. Incompatible with bun model.
  • Protons and neutrons in nucleus - Chadwick’s experiment: neutral particle of same mass as H.
  • Quarks (existence of) - Deep inelastic scattering: structure within proton.
  • Momentum of electromagnetic radiation - de Broglie theoretical prediction.
  • Antimatter Anderson’s observation of e - like particle with positive charge.
  • Neutrinos - “Missing” energy in beta decay.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
1. It looks like you just pasted some tidbits about subatomic particles without actually looking to answer the given question,
2. You need to look up what different models of the atom involve,
3. There's a clear emphasis on electrons in the question - as there should be for a question on atomic structure - so don't ignore them.
 

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