How Momentum is Transferred via Massless Photons

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the transfer of momentum via massless photons in the context of electron collisions. Participants explore the implications of momentum conservation when photons, which do not possess mass, are involved in the interaction.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses confusion about how momentum can be conserved when it is transferred via massless photons, questioning the point at which momentum is transferred and its implications for conservation.
  • Another participant clarifies that while momentum is defined as mass times velocity for massive particles, massless particles like photons also carry momentum and energy.
  • A participant seeks further clarification on how momentum is defined for photons.
  • One response cites the relationship between energy, mass, and momentum from relativity, indicating that for photons, momentum can be expressed as p = E/c.
  • Another participant provides an alternative expression for photon momentum, stating it can be defined as P = h/λ, where h is Planck's constant and λ is the wavelength of the photon.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that photons carry momentum despite being massless, but there is no consensus on the implications of this for momentum conservation in collisions involving massive particles.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions regarding the definitions of momentum and energy in different contexts may not be fully explored, and the discussion does not resolve the implications of these definitions on momentum conservation.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be useful for individuals interested in the fundamentals of momentum transfer in particle physics, particularly in the context of quantum mechanics and relativity.

MetaJoe
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Hi, this is my first post, and I'm sure this is a very basic question: Suppose two electrons collide, and thus momentum is conserved. Momentum, as we all know, is defined as the product of mass and velocity. But the means of transferring momentum between these electrons is a photon, which is massless. So, it seems there must be some point at which momentum is being transferred, but at which the magnitude of the momentum is zero, and thus is not conserved. So, I'm confused: just how is momentum transferred via massless photons while also being conserved? Thank you very much!

Joe
 
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MetaJoe said:
Momentum, as we all know, is defined as the product of mass and velocity.
That's true for massive particles moving at nonrelativistic speeds. It's not true for massless particles like photons. Even though massless, photons carry energy and momentum.
 
Thanks for the response. So, how is momentum, when it's carried by a photon, defined?
 
MetaJoe said:
Thanks for the response. So, how is momentum, when it's carried by a photon, defined?
Relativity tells that for any particle, energy (E), mass (m), and momentum (p) are related by this:
E^2 = p^2c^2 + m^2 c^4

For photons, m = 0, so:
p = E/c = hf/c
 
MetaJoe said:
Thanks for the response. So, how is momentum, when it's carried by a photon, defined?
Momentum of a photon is defined as

P = \frac{h}{\lambda}

Where P is momentum, h is plank's constant and \lambda is the wavelength of the photon.

Edit: Doc Al beat me to it :smile:
 
Excellent. Thank you very much!
 

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