To differentiate between first-order and second-order processes, one must understand their definitions and characteristics. First-order processes depend on the concentration of one reactant, while second-order processes depend on the concentrations of two reactants or the square of one reactant's concentration. The rate laws for each type of process are distinct, with first-order reactions having a linear relationship with time on a logarithmic scale, and second-order reactions showing a reciprocal relationship with time. Understanding these differences is crucial for proper analysis in chemical kinetics. Clear definitions and examples can aid in grasping these concepts effectively.