Hubble's Discovery of Cepheid Variable Stars in Galaxies

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around Hubble's discovery of Cepheid variable stars in galaxies, focusing on how he determined their distances and the implications of this work for understanding the scale of the universe. The scope includes historical context, observational techniques, and the significance of Cepheids as distance indicators.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Historical, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how Hubble was able to detect a single star within a distant galaxy, indicating skepticism about the capabilities of early 20th-century instruments.
  • Another participant mentions supernova explosions as extremely bright events that can be analyzed over time, suggesting a different method of distance measurement.
  • A participant clarifies that Hubble used Cepheid variable stars, not supernovas, to deduce distances to galaxies.
  • It is proposed that Hubble recognized the predictable period of Cepheids, allowing him to use them as "standard candles" for distance measurement.
  • Links to images used by Hubble are shared, indicating the visual evidence that supported his findings.
  • A participant highlights Hubble's discovery of other galaxies and notes the limitations of early instruments in detecting Cepheids, while also mentioning modern advancements in this area of research.
  • There is a mention of the role of metallicity in the absolute luminosity of Cepheids and how other distance indicators have contributed to calibrating Cepheid-derived distances.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying views on the methods used by Hubble, with some focusing on Cepheids and others on supernovae. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the specifics of Hubble's techniques and the implications of his discoveries.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions about the capabilities of early telescopes and the definitions of distance measurement techniques. The discussion does not resolve the technical details of Hubble's methods or the implications of metallicity on Cepheid luminosity.

Who May Find This Useful

Readers interested in the historical development of astronomical techniques, the role of Cepheid variable stars in distance measurement, and the evolution of observational astronomy may find this discussion relevant.

Holocene
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Cepheid variable star?

How was Hubble able to determine that one of these stars was within what was then called a nebula?

You're telling me that back in the early 1900's, he was able to detect a single star within a distant galaxy?
 
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A supernova explosion is so bright that it can outshine entire galaxy. Not only that, it can shine for a couple of weeks before dimming. That can give an astronomer plenty of time to find it in the sky and analyze it.
 
Didn't Hubble use Cepheids, and not supernovas, to deduce the distance to galaxies?
 
Well, since Cepheids are variable stars, some of them are very big and get very bright, which yes, was visible with telescopes in the early 1900's. I imagine that after noticing the predictable period, he discerned it was a Cepheid and was able to use it as a "standard candle"
 
Here are a couple of links that show images that Hubble used:
http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci102/lectures/galaxies.htm"
http://www.ottawa.rasc.ca/features/marchHubble/index.html"
 
Last edited by a moderator:
matt.o said:
Here are a couple of links that show images that Hubble used:
http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci102/lectures/galaxies.htm"
http://www.ottawa.rasc.ca/features/marchHubble/index.html"

Great links, thanks.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Hubble made an amazing discovery with relatively weak instruments - that other galaxies aside from the MW exist. Cepheids in the Andromeda galaxy [at a distance of about 3 million light years] were near the limit of detectability by instruments available to Hubble in the early 20th century. Modern instruments can detect cepheids out to around 60 million light years. It's still an exciting area of research. Studies indicate metallicity is an important variable in the absolute luminosity of Cepheids. Other distance indicators have helped calibrate Cepheid derived distances.
 

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