Air is primarily an insulator under normal conditions, but its conductivity can increase with humidity, as water vapor enhances ion mobility. Carbon, in its various forms, exhibits both conductive and insulating properties depending on its structure; for instance, graphene is an excellent electrical conductor, while other forms like carbon black can act as insulators. The context of conductivity—whether electrical or thermal—significantly influences the discussion, as different applications require different considerations of carbon's properties.
PREREQUISITESStudents in physics or materials science, electrical engineers, and professionals involved in the development of conductive materials.