Is the universe a fermion or a boson?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around whether the universe can be classified as a fermion or a boson based on the properties of its fundamental particles. Participants explore concepts related to composite systems, angular momentum, and the implications of particle statistics in the context of the universe's composition.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that considering all fundamental particles as a composite system could lead to classifying the universe as either a fermion or a boson, depending on the number of fermions present.
  • Another participant asserts that the universe is not in a spin eigenstate, implying that it cannot be classified strictly as either a fermion or a boson.
  • Some participants mention that shortly after the big bang, the universe consisted only of photons, which are bosons, but question the sufficiency of this claim for determining the overall spin of the universe.
  • A participant emphasizes that the spin of a composite particle is determined by the sum of the angular momenta of its constituents, not merely the sum of their spins.
  • One participant states that an odd number of fermions results in a fermion classification, while an even number results in a boson classification, raising the question of how many fermions exist in the universe.
  • Another participant argues that the question of the universe's classification may be meaningless without understanding the nature of the particles involved.
  • A later reply discusses the necessity of particles being bound to behave as a new particle type and mentions the challenges of coherence or entanglement in the vast distances of interstellar space.
  • One participant references a theoretical framework by X-G Wen regarding the fundamental nature of bosons and fermions, suggesting it may provide insight into the original question.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether the universe can be classified as a fermion or a boson, with no consensus reached. Some argue based on particle statistics, while others challenge the assumptions underlying these classifications.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion regarding the assumptions about particle interactions, the definition of composite systems, and the implications of distance on particle behavior. The question remains unresolved due to these complexities.

bwang8
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From introductory QM class, my understanding is that one can consider any number of "fundamental" particles as a composite system and pretend it is a particle. When 2 fermions are considered as a single composite system/particle, it becomes a boson. When 1 fermion and 1 boson are considered together, it is a fermion. When 2 bosons are considered together, it is a boson.

So my question (that have been on my mind for a couple of months now) is that, when you considered all particles that exist in the universe, do you in the end get a fermion or a boson? Do you have an odd number of fermions in the world.

Phrased in another way, when you add up the entire angular momentum in the universe, do you get an integer spin (boson) or a fractional spin (fermion)?

Is this a valid question? Is there a fatal flaw/assumption that I made somewhere?

Thanks
 
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The universe is not in a spin eigenstate, so neither.
 
After a brief time from the big bang there were only Photons, so Boson ?
 
After a brief time from the big bang there were only Photons, so Boson ?
Spin of a composite particle is the sum of angular momenta of it's constituents, not just sum of spins. I.e. Saying there were only photons is not sufficient (and false) to calculate the spin.
 
An odd number of fermions makes the system a fermion. An even number makes it a boson. So tell me the number of fermions in the universe and I'll answer your question.
 
it would be a meaningless answer, because we wouldn't understand anything about it's nature.
 
Hi,

I do not know the answer to your question, but I think there is a misunderstanding, the fact that two particles in a system does not mean that the ensemble will behave as a new particle (either like boson or a fermion). This only happens when the mentioned particles are bounded to each other (eg, cooper pairs in superconductors), when it is not the case (which is most of the time, at least at 300 K in Earth) an ensemble of N fermions will behave as fermion independently if N is odd or even, because the particles in the system are not bounded.
Other problem is even if we pretend that there would be a mechanism to pair particles, distance between then (is the case in the interstellar space) is too large to keep some coherence or entanglement to provide the bounding, at least is what I know.
But your question, I think it was formulated a little bit different by X-G Wen (Quantum Field Theory of Many-Body Systems, Oxford Editions), he formulated the question of what is more fundamental bosons or fermions as the fundamental particles are bosons or fermions. In the book he explain his theory of string condensation, which could be helpful to answer your question, but I am not an expert in the subject.
 

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