Yeah, the mathbb command as defined in the amsfonts package (probably amssymb as well) only works with uppercase letters. It's using the wrong font, basically.
You could solve this by using the bbm package and then using the mathbbm command (it is defined for both upper and lower case letters, as well as numbers). Some people (not me) instead prefer using the dsfont package (stands for doublestroke) and then using the mathds command. I don't think those fonts are defined for lower case letters though. There are of course more options, should you need them. Look at page 68 in The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List for a selection of fonts.