An observer ten light years away from Earth would see events as they occurred in 2011, and if they traveled towards Earth at 0.8c, they would experience a time dilation effect. The journey would take 12.5 years according to Earth clocks, but only 7.5 years would pass for the traveler, allowing them to witness Earth's history from 2011 to 2033 in fast-forward. Light from Earth always shows recent events in the correct order, regardless of the observer's speed. The time dilation factor, represented by gamma (γ), can be calculated using the formula γ=1/√(1-v²/c²). The discussion also touches on the relativistic Doppler effect, which affects how events are perceived over time.