Long Division and Remainder Theorem

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on applying the Long Division method and the Remainder Theorem to the polynomial function ƒ(x) = -4x³ + 6x² + 4, specifically for the value k = 1 - √3. The user seeks clarification on how to express the function in the form ƒ(x) = (x - k)q(x) + r, and confirms that the remainder is 0 when evaluated at k. Participants suggest using synthetic division as a more efficient method to simplify the process of finding the quotient q(x).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of polynomial long division
  • Familiarity with the Remainder Theorem
  • Knowledge of synthetic division techniques
  • Basic algebraic manipulation skills
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the process of polynomial long division in detail
  • Learn how to apply the Remainder Theorem effectively
  • Explore synthetic division and its advantages over long division
  • Practice problems involving polynomial functions and their quotients
USEFUL FOR

Students studying algebra, particularly those focusing on polynomial functions, educators teaching polynomial division methods, and anyone looking to enhance their understanding of the Remainder Theorem and synthetic division.

FritoTaco
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NO TEMPLATE BECAUSE MOVED FROM ANOTHER FORUM

Hello,

I've been trying to figure out how it works for complicated problems, I know how to use long division, but I'm not understanding how this process is done for a problem like I have.

Instructions: Write the function in the form ƒ(x) = (x - k)q(x) + r for the given value of k, and demonstrate that ƒ(k) = r

Problem: ƒ(x) = -4x³ + 6x² + 4,
k = 1 - √3 <--- when plugging in q in divisor, signs change as you can see in my picture.​

My Work:
So as you can see from my first attached file, I knew that if I wanted to cancel out 4x³ in the dividend, I would multiply 4x³ on top (quotient) with -1 (divisor). But I also now have to multiply 4x³ with √3. I don't know how to answer it? That's where my question mark is.

In my second attachment, you can see I put what I think is right. Then I drop down the 6x² because that's what you do in long division. So the 4x³ cancels out, but then I have two different degrees in the next part. I don't think I can do anything with that.

Another thing is that you've probably read the "Remainder Theorem in the question, I've already done that here so that's fine. I get a remainder of 0. This is the remainder I should get when I long divide.

Remainder Theorem
ƒ(1 - √3) = -4(1 - √3)³ + 6(1 - √3)² + 12(1 - √3) + 4
Solve: equals 0, so remainder is 0.

Then, for the answer, it's asking to put into form of, ƒ(x) = (x - k)q(x) + r. I already have (x - k) which is the (-1 + √3), I would multiply that with q(x), which is what I'm stuck on for getting the quotient in long division. Lastly, I would add the remainder (r) which there is none.
 

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Last edited by a moderator:
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FritoTaco said:
NO TEMPLATE BECAUSE MOVED FROM ANOTHER FORUM

Hello,

I've been trying to figure out how it works for complicated problems, I know how to use long division, but I'm not understanding how this process is done for a problem like I have.

Instructions: Write the function in the form ƒ(x) = (x - k)q(x) + r for the given value of k, and demonstrate that ƒ(k) = r

Problem: ƒ(x) = -4x³ + 6x² + 4,
k = 1 - √3 <--- when plugging in q in divisor, signs change as you can see in my picture.​

My Work:
So as you can see from my first attached file, I knew that if I wanted to cancel out 4x³ in the dividend, I would multiply 4x³ on top (quotient) with -1 (divisor). But I also now have to multiply 4x³ with √3. I don't know how to answer it? That's where my question mark is.

In my second attachment, you can see I put what I think is right. Then I drop down the 6x² because that's what you do in long division. So the 4x³ cancels out, but then I have two different degrees in the next part. I don't think I can do anything with that.

Another thing is that you've probably read the "Remainder Theorem in the question, I've already done that here so that's fine. I get a remainder of 0. This is the remainder I should get when I long divide.

Remainder Theorem
ƒ(1 - √3) = -4(1 - √3)³ + 6(1 - √3)² + 12(1 - √3) + 4
Solve: equals 0, so remainder is 0.

Then, for the answer, it's asking to put into form of, ƒ(x) = (x - k)q(x) + r. I already have (x - k) which is the (-1 + √3), I would multiply that with q(x), which is what I'm stuck on for getting the quotient in long division. Lastly, I would add the remainder (r) which there is none.
A screen shot of your 2nd division attempt:
upload_2016-9-14_21-30-23.png


You need to divide by x - k, which in this case is ##\ x-1+\sqrt{3\,}\ .\ ## You left out the ##\ x\ .##
 
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I think I know what you're saying but here is what I have so far.
 

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  • IMG_0042.JPG
    IMG_0042.JPG
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FritoTaco said:
I think I know what you're saying but here is what I have so far.
https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/105992
upload_2016-9-15_11-29-3.png

You have unbalanced parentheses and an x2 in the wrong place, or an extra x2.
upload_2016-9-15_11-29-53.png

I suggest you leave the coefficient of x2 intact, that is to say, write the above line as:

##\ -(-4x^3+(4-4\sqrt{3\,})x^2)\ ##

With long division, keeping track of all those signs gets to be a pain. Do you know synthetic division ?
 
Last edited:
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Haha, it's funny how you mention synthetic division just now. I asked my professor today where I left off with you and he said to use synthetic division. Hey, thank you very much for your help, I do appreciate it, it helped me understand more.
 

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    IMG_0045.JPG
    38.8 KB · Views: 667
FritoTaco said:
Haha, it's funny how you mention synthetic division just now. I asked my professor today where I left off with you and he said to use synthetic division. Hey, thank you very much for your help, I do appreciate it, it helped me understand more.
You are welcome, and thanks for posting your final result. I'll display the final image below:
img_0045-jpg.106002.jpg
 

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