To plot specific values from a table in MATLAB, users can utilize the plot function by specifying the coordinates directly, such as plot(x(1), y(1), x(3), y(3)). Additional commands can be employed to customize the appearance of the plot, including markers for individual points. Users can also explore functions like scatter for plotting discrete data points. It is essential to ensure that the x and y values are correctly indexed from the table. Properly utilizing these commands allows for effective visualization of selected data points.