Can we accurately determine the trajectory of an electron using a SG detector?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the measurement of an electron's spin using a Stern-Gerlach (SG) detector. It establishes that an electron exists in a superposition of spin states until measurement, at which point it becomes entangled with the detector, resulting in a definitive spin state. The conversation emphasizes that prior to measurement, the electron does not follow a well-defined trajectory, and its position is described by a wave function, which only provides probabilistic information about its potential detection location.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, particularly superposition and entanglement.
  • Familiarity with the Stern-Gerlach (SG) experiment and its implications on spin measurement.
  • Knowledge of wave functions and their role in quantum state representation.
  • Basic grasp of quantum measurement theory and its philosophical implications.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the mathematical formulation of wave functions in quantum mechanics.
  • Explore the implications of quantum entanglement in measurement scenarios.
  • Study the historical context and significance of the Stern-Gerlach experiment.
  • Investigate the philosophical interpretations of quantum mechanics, such as the Copenhagen interpretation.
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, quantum mechanics students, and anyone interested in the foundational concepts of quantum measurement and the behavior of subatomic particles.

entropy1
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Would this be an accurate portrayal of measuring the spin of an electron with a SG detector?:
  • The electron is in a superposition of spin-up and spin-down;
  • Upon entering the magnetic field of the SG detector, the electron enters a superposition of an upward trajectory and a downward trajectory;
  • When detected, the electron gets entangled with the detector, yielding a branch in which the detector detected the electron on the upward side, and another branch in which the detector detected the electron on the downward side;
  • In case of detecting the electron on the upward side, it retroactively took the upward trajectory, and in case of detecting the electron on the downward side, it retroactively took the downward trajectory.
 
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One cannot meaningfully talk about what an electron is doing between observations, even not retroactively. The measurement of an electron's spin “creates” an electron-with-spin-up or an electron-with-spin-down; but neither entity can be considered already to be in existence prior to the measurement being made.
 
If the electron gets detected somewhere, it doesn't carry the information of the trajectory it followed. Is that the cause that we can't speak of the trajectory of that specific electron?
 
entropy1 said:
If the electron gets detected somewhere, it doesn't carry the information of the trajectory it followed. Is that the cause that we can't speak of the trajectory of that specific electron?

It's fundamental to QM that the electron simply did not follow a well-defined trajectory. Until measurement, its position was described by a wave-function. You know the probability with which you would have detected the electron somewhere, if you have looked for it, but no more.
 

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