Prove: the biggest that N choose k gets is at k = N/2 for N even

  • Context: Undergrad 
  • Thread starter Thread starter AxiomOfChoice
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    even
Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on proving that the binomial coefficient \( \binom{N}{k} \) reaches its maximum value at \( k = N/2 \) when \( N \) is even. Participants explore various approaches to this proof, including induction and properties of factorials.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses difficulty in using induction, noting that the inductive step leads to a complex fraction.
  • Another participant suggests proving two statements regarding the relationship between \( k \) and \( k' \) in relation to \( N/2 \) to establish the maximum of \( \binom{N}{k} \).
  • A different approach is proposed, indicating that minimizing \( k!(2m-k)! \) at \( k=m \) is sufficient, which relates to minimizing \( (m-r)!(m+r)! \) at \( r=0 \).
  • One participant presents a proof using the relationship between \( \binom{n}{k} \) and \( \binom{n}{k-1} \), arguing that the symmetry between \( k \) and \( n-k \) completes the proof.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants have not reached a consensus on a single proof method, and multiple approaches are being discussed without resolving which is the most effective.

Contextual Notes

Some participants' arguments depend on specific assumptions about \( N \) being even and the range of \( k \). The discussion includes various mathematical steps that remain unresolved.

AxiomOfChoice
Messages
531
Reaction score
1
Is there a simple way to prove this? I tried to use induction, but you get down to some horrible fraction (letting [itex]N = 2m[/itex] for some [itex]m[/itex]) in the inductive step:

[tex] \begin{pmatrix} 2(m+1) \\ k \end{pmatrix} = \frac{(2m)!}{k!(2m - k)!} \cdot \frac{(2m+2)(2m+1)}{(2m+2-k)(2m+1-k)}[/tex]

The inductive hypothesis is to assume the thing on the left is biggest for [itex]k = m[/itex], but the second fraction gets bigger as you make [itex]k[/itex] bigger. So...what to do! Any comments? Thanks!
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Try to prove this: If ##k<k^\prime\leq N/2##, then

[tex]\binom{N}{k} < \binom{N}{k^\prime}[/tex]

And if ##N/2\leq k^\prime<k##, then

[tex]\binom{N}{k} < \binom{N}{k^\prime}[/tex]

To prove these two statements, it suffices to look at ##k## and ##k+1##.
 
Note that it suffices to show that k!(2m-k)! attains its minimum at k=m (0≤k≤2m), and this is equivalent to showing that
(m-r)!(m+r)! attains its minimum at r=0 (0≤r≤m).
 
AxiomOfChoice said:
Is there a simple way to prove this?

let n=even, k<=n/2
[tex] \begin{pmatrix} n \\ k \end{pmatrix} =\begin{pmatrix} n \\ k-1 \end{pmatrix} *{ (n-k+1)/(k)}[/tex]

then (n-k+1)/k > (n/2 +1)/k >1

QED

...the symmetry between k and n-k finishes the proof.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 29 ·
Replies
29
Views
6K
  • · Replies 19 ·
Replies
19
Views
4K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
3K
  • · Replies 20 ·
Replies
20
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • · Replies 10 ·
Replies
10
Views
4K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
3K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K