MHB Proving Set Equality: How to Show Subset Relationships?

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To prove set equality, it is essential to demonstrate that two sets are subsets of each other. The intersection of a finite collection of sets can be expressed as the first set minus the union of the differences between the first set and the others. Similarly, this principle applies to an infinite collection of sets. For example, to prove that sets A and B are equal, one must establish that A is a subset of B and B is a subset of A. This method effectively confirms the equality of the two sets.
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1) $\cap_{i=1}^{n} A_{i}= A_{1}\setminus \cup_{i=1}^{n}(A_{1}\setminus A_{i})$

2) $\cap_{i=1}^{\infty} A_{i}= A_{1}\setminus \cup_{i=1}^{\infty}(A_{1}\setminus A_{i})$
 
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You need to show that there are subsets to each other.

For example:
Let $A$ and $B$ be sets. Prove that $A=B$, ( to do that you need to show that $A \subseteq B$ and $B\subseteq A$ is true).
 
I was reading documentation about the soundness and completeness of logic formal systems. Consider the following $$\vdash_S \phi$$ where ##S## is the proof-system making part the formal system and ##\phi## is a wff (well formed formula) of the formal language. Note the blank on left of the turnstile symbol ##\vdash_S##, as far as I can tell it actually represents the empty set. So what does it mean ? I guess it actually means ##\phi## is a theorem of the formal system, i.e. there is a...

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