Pulse generation, kicking in self-mode-locking, and shadowgraphy requirements

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inkskin
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Three questions,

In a femtosecond laser, or any laser for that matter, how is a pulse generated from noise? how do the phases match up? we use modulation for this? if so, what kind?

Also, how does a laser get self mode locked when you push it or 'kick' it from the back? what does this have to do with anything?

Also, what exactly is the technique of shadowgraphy? and why do the pump and probe have to be temporally matched? are there any other prerequisites for it? like say polarization matching? and why?

Thank you in advance :)
 
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