Relationship between arctanh and arctan or there is a mistake

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the relationship between the inverse hyperbolic tangent function (arctanh) and the inverse tangent function (arctan) in the context of integrating the expression $$\int_0^{\nu}\frac{d\nu'}{(1 + e\cos(\nu'))^2}$$. The integration leads to a solution involving arctan, specifically $$\frac{\mu^2}{h^3}t = \frac{1}{(1 - e^2)^{3/2}}\left[2\arctan\left[\sqrt{\frac{1 - e}{1 + e}}\tan\frac{\nu}{2}\right] - \frac{e\sqrt{1 - e^2}\sin\nu}{1 + e\cos\nu}\right]$$. The discussion highlights that the relationship between arctan and arctanh is contingent on the value of e, indicating that for e>1, the expressions may yield imaginary results.

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Dustinsfl
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$$
\int_0^{\nu}\frac{d\nu'}{(1 + e\cos(\nu'))^2}
$$
Consider
\begin{align}
\frac{d}{d\nu'}\frac{\sin(\nu')}{1 + e\cos(\nu')} = \frac{\cos(\nu') + e}{(1 + e\cos(\nu'))^2}\\
\frac{d}{d\nu'}\frac{e\sin(\nu')}{1 + e\cos(\nu')} = \frac{1}{1 + e\cos(\nu')} + \frac{e^2 - 1}{(1 + e\cos(\nu'))^2}
\end{align}
We can now isolate a little bit easier integral.
$$
\int_0^{\nu}\frac{d\nu'}{(1 + e\cos(\nu'))^2}
= \frac{e}{e^2 - 1}\frac{\sin(\nu)}{1 + e\cos(\nu)}
- \frac{1}{e^2 - 1}\int_0^{\nu}\frac{d\nu'}{1 + e\cos(\nu')}
$$
After integrating, we end up with
$$
\int_0^{\nu}\frac{d\nu'}{(1 + e\cos(\nu'))^2}
= \frac{e}{e^2 - 1}\frac{\sin(\nu)}{1 + e\cos(\nu)}
- \frac{2}{(e^2 - 1)^{3/2}}\tanh^{-1}\left[\sqrt{\frac{1 - e}{1 + e}}\tan\left(\frac{\nu}{2}\right)\right] = \frac{\mu^2}{h^3}t.
$$The solution is
$$
\frac{\mu^2}{h^3}t = \frac{1}{(1 - e^2)^{3/2}}\left[2\arctan\left[\sqrt{\frac{1 - e}{1 + e}}\tan\frac{\nu}{2}\right] - \frac{e\sqrt{1 - e^2}\sin\nu}{1 + e\cos\nu}\right]
$$
The second term will work when simplified but I have a arctanh.

What went wrong or is there a sligh trick?
 
Last edited:
Physics news on Phys.org
arctan(iz)=i*arctanh(z). The difference between the two ways of writing it is probably whether you take e>1 or e<1, since you have things like sqrt(1-e) floating around, which could be imaginary or not.
 
Last edited:

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